of Herodotus, which has even recently received high praise from the Rev. Dr. Rawlinson (see preface to Herodotus). In the same year Mr. Taylor published anonymously the "Natural History of Enthusiasm," designed as the first of a series of works on kindred subjects. As part of this series, "Spiritual Despotism," 1831, and "Fanaticism," 1833—works exhibiting profound and independent thought—were given to the public; but it is much to be regretted that the projected series was not completed. Of equal interest with the above is "Saturday Evening," 1832, a series of elaborate and richly suggestive essays on topics of a religious nature; and the "Physical Theory of Another Life," 1836, in which, without trenching on the teaching of revelation, the author enters most philosophically and instructively into a consideration of the possibilities and probabilities of the condition of man in a future state. About this time Mr. Taylor reluctantly permitted himself to be put forward as a candidate for the vacant chair of logic and philosophy in the university of Edinburgh, when the votes were—eighteen for Sir William Hamilton and fourteen for Mr. Taylor. Than Mr. Taylor, the father of a large family, none could be more competent to write "Home Education," a work which has been read with pleasure and profit by thousands of parents, and others interested in the instruction of the young. In the following year, upon urgent request, he undertook the editorship of Dr. Traill's translation of Josephus, of which, owing to the lamented death of the translator, only the Jewish War, 2 vols., has appeared. But of all Mr. Taylor's works, "Ancient Christianity," 2 vols., is by far the most learned and elaborate. Published in parts at irregular intervals, extending over a period of three years, it was widely circulated and extensively read. As an argument against the attempt to pay undue deference to the Nicene church, it is triumphant and complete. As bearing in part on the same subject, may be mentioned the "Four Lectures on Spiritual Christianity," 1841. Some years afterwards appeared "Loyola and Jesuitism," 1849, and "Wesley and Methodism," 1851. In 1855 "Restoration of Belief" was published anonymously at Cambridge, and was attributed to one of the noted men of the university. In 1855 a laborious task and heavy responsibility devolved on Mr Taylor as adjudicator, in union with Professor H. Rogers and the late eminent Savilian Professor Baden Powell, of the Burnet Prize Essays; the competing essays amounting to two hundred. During this time, from 1849 to 1858, Mr. Taylor's literary labours were greatly interrupted by his frequent absence from home, his presence being required in Manchester to superintend certain patent inventions, connected with the engraving of rollers for calico printing. In 1857 the "World of Blind" was published. This was followed by "Logic in Theology, and other Essays," 1859; "Ultimate Civilization and other Essays," 1860; and the "Spirit of the Hebrew Poetry," 1861, which is most elegantly and popularly written. Of the above works many have gone through several editions, both in this country and in the United States. In 1862 the government conferred a pension on Mr. Taylor for the distinguished services he had rendered to religious literature. Though trained a dissenter in the earlier period of his life, he ultimately attached himself to the English Church. The keen scrutinizing spirit, however, and the breadth and independence of thought which his writings display, clearly show that, above the trammels of party, he gave unqualified adherence to no ecclesiastical body, and hence he was claimed as their own by those of different persuasions. Mr. Taylor died on the 28th of June, 1865, in the seventy-eighth year of his age.—I. J.
TAYLOR, James, one of the inventors of steam navigation, was born in Scotland about 1758, and died at Cumnock in Ayrshire on the 28th of September, 1825. Being tutor in the family of Patrick Miller of Dalswinton, he assisted that gentleman in his experiments on the propulsion of vessels, and is considered to have suggested the use of steam-power to drive the machinery.—(See Miller, Patrick; Symington, William.) In consideration of the service done by Taylor to the country, a small grant was made after his death to his widow and family by the government.—(Woodcroft on Steam Navigation.)—W. J. M. R.
TAYLOR, Jane, second sister of Isaac Taylor, was born in London, September 23, 1783. From her birth she was of a delicate constitution, but the family having been removed to the country when she was about three years old, she soon acquired the bloom and vivacity of health. She was a lively and winning child, beloved by all who knew her. The vigour of her imagination soon began to discover itself. She lived from her third or fourth to her tenth or twelfth year in a fairy world of her own creation, and peopled by her own fancy. She began to write at a very early age, pieces having been preserved which belong to her eighth year. As her father instructed his daughters in the art of engraving, Jane soon excelled in the lighter branches of it; but as it was not altogether suited to her talents and taste, it was "relinquished without regret, when other paths of exertion opened before her." The first piece of hers which appeared in print was the "Beggar Boy," contributed to the Minor's Pocket-Book for 1804. Soon after the appearance of "Original Poems," composed by Anne and Jane Taylor, assisted by other young friends, the two sisters published their admirable "Rhymes for the Nursery;" and some years afterwards their "Hymns for Infant Minds"—a task of peculiar difficulty, but executed with most complete success—the hymns being unrivalled in their adaptation to the minds of children. Late in the year 1814 she sent to the press her first independent work, "Display," the success of which gave her that confidence in her own powers which, owing to her modest, timid nature, she very much required. Early in 1816 she commenced her contributions to the Youth's Magazine, afterwards published under the title of "Contributions of Q. Q." In the same year her "Essays in Rhyme," so replete with knowledge of the heart, keen irony, pathos, and playfulness, appeared. About the same time also, the "Correspondence between a Mother and her Daughter" was projected by her and Mrs. Taylor, and soon afterwards published. Not long after this the complaint, which at length proved fatal, began to make itself felt. Full of faith and of good works she died April 9, 1824. Her sister Anne (Mrs. Gilbert), her equal in talent and genius, still survives, hale and cheerful, sustained by christian faith and hope, in her eighty-second year.—I. J.
TAYLOR, Jeremy, an eminent prelate, was born at Cambridge in 1613. He was a lineal descendant of Rowland Taylor the martyr, whose family had become so reduced in circumstances that the father of Jeremy Taylor was a barber; yet, as his son says, he was "reasonably learned," and by him "solely" was Jeremy "grounded in grammar and mathematics" prior to his entering the university. On the 18th of August, 1626, he entered Caius college as a sizar, and became M.A. in 1633. Having taken orders, he happened to lecture for a friend in St. Paul's cathedral, and the juvenile preacher was commended so highly to Laud, that by his influence he removed to Oxford, and was admitted ad eundem in University college, and became a fellow of All Souls on the 14th of January, 1636. He was also chosen one of the archbishop's chaplains, and on the 23rd of March, 1638, Juxon, bishop of London, presented him to the rectory of Uppingham in Rutlandshire. In 1639 he married, but his wife and family predeceased him. In 1642 he joined the king at Oxford, and published soon after his "Episcopacy Asserted against the Acephali and Aerians, new and old." As a reward for his opportune advocacy, he was by royal mandate made a doctor of divinity. During the supremacy of parliament the rectory of Uppingham was sequestrated, but Taylor found a retreat with Christopher Hatton of Kirby, afterwards Lord Hatton. Taylor preached several times before the court at Oxford, and occasionally followed the army as chaplain; and when the royal cause began to wane he retired to Caermarthenshire, and under the protection of Richard Vaughan, earl of Carbery, lived at Golden Grove and kept a school. Here, when earning his bread in this humble vocation, he composed some of his immortal works, especially the "Liberty of Prophesying," a grand discourse on behalf of toleration, unsurpassed in vigorous conception, exuberant imagery, and racy and varied application. It was written, as he says, "in adversity and want, without books or leisure." The book was lamely answered by Samuel Rutherford in 1649, in his Seven Dissertations against Pretended Liberty of Conscience—a laboured argument in favour of persecution. Taylor now married a second time. The lady is said to have been a natural daughter of Charles, and born when he was prince of Wales. At this time he published the "Life of Christ," one of the most popular of his works. It is marked by opulence of illustration, original and striking thoughts, solemnity of tone and tenderness of appeal, while it breathes a spirit of living devoutness. Taylor's next works were of a practical and devotional nature, such as his sermons and his "Holy Living and Dying," two tractates of experimental godliness, inclining sometimes to asceticism, but always fervent in spirit
