friends, but they were not able to prevail with or against the archbishop." The petition was afterwards "privately printed and scattered abroad," Travers thus partly "intending," as Walton affirms, "the bishop's and Mr. Hooker's disgrace." It contained sundry accusations against Hooker; some of them relating to his doctrine, and others to his observance of certain customs and ceremonies which were particularly distasteful to the puritans. Hooker replied in a pamphlet, entitled Answer to a Supplication, preferred by Mr. Walter Travers to the Honourable the Lords of the Privy Council—an admirable tract, and every way worthy of the author of Ecclesiastical Polity. The temper in which he wrote appears from these words, which occur in the concluding paragraphs—"Thus have I as near as I could, seriously answered things of weight; with smaller I have dealt as I thought their quality did require. I take no joy in striving. I have not been nuzzled or trained up in it. I would to Christ they which have at this present enforced me hereunto, had so ruled their hands in any reasonable time, that I might never have been constrained to strike so much as in mine own defence." Walton quaintly remarks that "these exceptions of Mr. Travers against Mr. Hooker proved to be a felix error, for they were the cause of his transcribing those few of his sermons which we now see printed with his books, and by their transcription they fell into such hands as have preserved them from being lost, as too many of his other matchless writings were." The same writer adds, that "Travers, who was a man of competent learning, of a winning behaviour, and of a blameless life, was for the most part approved by Mr. Hooker himself, in the midst of their oppositions." Besides the Supplication already mentioned, Travers was author of "An Answer to a Supplicatorie Epistle of G. T. for the pretended Catholiques, to the Lords of her Majestie's Privy Counsell." London, 1583; and of "A Full and Plain Declaration of Ecclesiastical Discipline out of the Word of God, and the declining of the Church of England from the same."
TRAVERSARI. See Ambrose the Camaldule.
TRAVIS, George, an English divine, was born at Royton, Lancashire, and educated at Manchester free school and at Oxford. He took holy orders and obtained various preferments, the most important of which was the archdeaconry of Chester. He was the author of several letters to Gibbon upon the authenticity of the text, 1 John v. 7, and which were answered by Porson and Dr. Marsh. Travis died in 1797.—F.
TREBY, Sir George, a learned English lawyer, was born about 1644, and studied at Exeter college, Oxford. He then entered himself at the Inner temple, and obtained considerable practice at the bar. He sat in parliament for his native town, Plympton, Devonshire, in 1678 and 1679, and in the latter year was chairman of the committee for the investigation of the Popish plot. In 1680 he took part in the impeachment of Lord Stafford, and became recorder of London. In 1681 he was knighted. In 1685, when the quo warranto was issued, Treby pleaded, along with Pollexfen, for the city charter, which was withheld, and he was deprived of his recordership. He returned to public life after the accession of William, and became successively solicitor-general, attorney-general, and chief justice of the common pleas. He was the author of a collection of "Letters relating to the Popish Plot," &c. He died in 1702. His grandson was master of the household of George II., and a lord of the treasury.—F.
TREDGOLD, Thomas, an English engineer, was born at Brandon in the county of Durham, on the 22nd of August, 1788, and died in London on the 28th of January, 1829. He was bred to the trade of a joiner, which he practised for some years in the north of England and in Scotland; and gradually rising through industry and intelligence, he at length established himself in business as a civil engineer. He had a sound knowledge of the principles of mechanics, and the properties of materials, and was a careful and accurate experimenter. These qualities, combined with a clear, concise, and methodical style, render his writings on mechanical subjects of much value. His "Elementary Principles of Carpentry," first published in 1820, continues to this day to be the best treatise on that subject in any language. His "Essay on the Strength of Cast-iron" is full of useful information. It was the earliest systematic treatise on that subject, and in some respects the principles laid down in it have been superseded by later discoveries, but the greater part of it preserves its value. He was the author of the excellent articles on Masonry and Joinery in the Encyclopædia Britannica, and of many miscellaneous scientific papers, most of which appeared in the Philosophical Magazine. He edited, under the title of Hydraulic Tracts, a very well-chosen collection of papers by Smeaton, Venturi, and Eytelwein, on hydraulics and other mechanical subjects.—W. J. M. R.
TREDJAKOFSKY, Vassili Kirilovitch, a Russian writer of prose and verse who flourished in the first half of the eighteenth century. He was born in 1703, and educated at St. Petersburg, from whence he was sent into western Europe for improvement, and he travelled through England, Holland, and France. On his return he became secretary to the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, and in 1745 was appointed professor of eloquence. He died in 1769. His works are voluminous, including the "Telemachid," which is Fenelon turned into verse, and "Deidamia," a poem without interest. He translated Rollin's Ancient and Roman History, and wrote various essays.—R. H.
TRELLUND, John, Bishop of Viborg in Jutland, was born at Copenhagen, 5th October, 1669. After finishing his studies, which he had pursued at the university of Copenhagen, he travelled for some time in Germany, the Low Countries, and England, availing himself meanwhile of every opportunity of perfecting his knowledge of theology, sacred philology, and church history. About two years after his return to his native country, he was sent into Italy as a sort of chaplain-general to the forces sent by the king of Denmark to the aid of the Emperor Leopold. In 1703 he followed the army into Hungary, and it is said that he preached against the council of Trent when the troops halted in their march at that famous city. Getting tired, however, of his connection with a marching army, he obtained permission to resign, and before returning home visited Vienna, Venice, Mantua, Rome, and Naples. In 1707 he became pastor of the church at Christiania in Norway, where he remained till 1711, when he was appointed professor of theology in Copenhagen. This charge he filled till he was made bishop of Viborg in 1726. He died in 1735. Trellund was married to a Norwegian lady of the name of Catherine Treschow. Of his numerous writings the following are deserving of mention:—"De Felicis Urgelitani et Elipandi Toletani hæresi, vulgò Adoptianâ," 1691; "De Theologia Paradisiacâ," 1707; "Assertio plenior genuini statûs controversiæ Orthodoxos inter et Adoptianos agitatæ," 1715; "De potestate judiciaria Christi secundum humanam naturam;" "Reformationis Evangelicæ ad vitæ reformationem fidelis directio," 1717; "Exercitatio biblica prima classicorum aliquot Scripturæ locorum partim illustrationem, partim vindiciæ exhibens," 1720; "Exercitatio biblica secunda," 1721; "Exercitatio biblica tertia," 1721; "Exercitatio biblica quarta," 1722; "Vindiciæ Germanicæ contra Strandigeri refutationem de pædobaptismo," 1718.
TREMBECKI, Stanislav, a Polish poet and historian, was born in the district of Cracow about 1724. His early life was passed in foreign countries, and principally at the court of Louis XV., who married a Polish princess. For thirty years he was a strict vegetarian and abstainer from wine, yet his gallantry to the fair sex involved him in numerous duels. He attained to a great age, dying on the 12th of December, 1812. His longest poem, "Zofijovka," is a description of the seat of his friend Count Polocki. A history of Poland, which he left in manuscript, has not yet been printed.—R. H.
TREMBLEY, Abraham, a distinguished Swiss naturalist, was born at Geneva in 1700, and died on 12th May, 1784. He prosecuted his early studies in his native town, and showed a particular fancy for mathematics. He became tutor to the family of Lord Bentinck, who was English resident at the Hague, and in that situation he devoted much of his time to the study of natural history. Some of the lower animals especially attracted his notice, and in 1744 he published at Leyden a "History of Fresh-water Polyps," with thirty plates. He described particularly the physiology, including the nutrition and generation of these animals; and his work was considered one of great excellence. His reputation as a naturalist secured him a seat in the Royal Society of London. He visited London, and afterwards travelled in Germany and Italy. In 1757 he returned to Geneva, married, and became a member of the grand council. He contributed various memoirs to the Transactions of societies, and he also published "Instructions of a father to his children in regard to natural and revealed religion."—J. H. B.
TREMELLIUS, Emmanuel, a celebrated orientalist and translator of the scriptures, was born at Ferrara in Italy in 1510. He was come of Jewish parentage, and was instructed
