with extreme care in all the learning and opinions of that sect. When he arrived at manhood, however, he was brought over to the Roman catholic church, it is said, through the persuasion of Cardinal Pole and M. Ant. Flaminio. But he did not continue long in their communion; for falling in with Peter Martyr, Vermilius, and others, who were secretly cultivating the new opinions, he began to be in doubt of the Romish church, and ultimately declared himself an adherent of the protestant faith. After this second change he left Ferrara, and along with his friend Peter Martyr went to Lucca, where he was for some time engaged in teaching the Hebrew tongue. But he soon found that Italy was not a congenial soil for protestants, and accordingly set out for Germany. He was accompanied thither by Vermilius and some other of his associates. After a short residence at Strasburg he passed over into England, attracted thither by the fame of the young king, Edward VI. He enjoyed the friendship and patronage of Cranmer and Parker, and supported himself by teaching Hebrew at Cambridge. On the death of the king he returned to Germany, and for some time taught his favourite language in the school of Hornbach. From Hornbach he removed to Heidelberg, on an invitation from the elector-palatine, Frederick III., to fill the Hebrew chair in the university of that town. While here he produced his edition of the Syriac New Testament, with a Latin translation, to which he added a Syriac and Chaldee grammar. It was here also that his great work, the well-known and justly celebrated Latin translation of the Bible, was accomplished. In this he was assisted by Francis Junius, and the common designation of the work is the Latin Bible of Junius and Tremellius. It was published in 1575. Another edition, with corrections and additions, was issued by Junius in 1587, seven years after the death of his fellow-labourer. It was thought by some that Junius in this edition did not deal quite fairly by the memory of Tremellius, and that his additions were without value. This opinion is expressed by Melchior Adam (Vitæ Germanorum Theologorum, &c.) in these words:—"Qui (Junius) post Tremellii obitum eandem editionem in opere alieno plus justo ingeniosus recensuit, et additis multis auctiorem potius quam meliorem judicio quorundam reddidit." After these various labours Tremellius again changed his abode. A new university had been established at Sedan in Champagne, and our author's fame as a Hebraist pointed him out as a proper occupant of the Hebrew chair. He died at Sedan in 1580, in the seventieth year of his age. Besides the works already mentioned, Tremellius was the author of "Commentaries on the Prophecy of Hosea," and of a "Hebrew Grammar" and a "Hebrew Catechism." His Syriac Testament received the approbation of the Louvain divines, and his translation of the Bible was praised by Matthew Poole in the preface to his ponderous Synopsis Criticorum as one of the best versions. Father Simon, the Romanist divine, is, however, of a different opinion. "As Tremellius," he says, "was a Jew before he was a protestant, he has retained something peculiar to himself in his translation, and deviates often from the true sense. His Latin is affected and full of faults." But the father can hardly be accounted an impartial judge, and this work of Tremellius, in spite of his adverse criticism, enjoys, as it well deserves, a place in the library of every theologian.
TRÉMOLLIERE, Pierre-Charles, painter, was born in 1703 at Cholet in Poitou. Having lost his father in his childhood, his mother, who saw his decided taste for art, sent him to Paris, where he was placed under the care of Vanloo the elder. Having gained some prizes at the Academy of painting, he was named pensionnaire du roi for the Academy of Rome, where he resided for six years. Before his returning to France in 1734 he had married the Signora Tibaldi, a lady who had a great reputation for her paintings in miniature. In 1734 he became a member of the Academy. Four years later he was commissioned to paint some subjects for tapestry for the king, but he had not made much progress in the work when he was seized with small-pox, and died in 1739. Trémolliere's pictures, particularly those executed during his residence at Rome, are much valued. His éloge is to be found in M. D'Argenville's Abregé des vies des plus fameux peintres, tome second, page 459 et suiv.
* TRENCH, Richard Chenevix, Archbishop of Dublin, was born in September, 1807, and received his later education at Trinity college, Cambridge. Entering the church, he published in 1835 a volume of pleasing verse, the "Story of Justin Martyr, and other Poems," followed in 1838 by "Sabbatim, Honor Neale," &c.; by "Genoveva," 1842; and in the same year by the interesting "Poems from Eastern Sources." In 1845 Mr. Trench was appointed rector of Itchinstoke, Hampshire. Besides the Hulsean lectures for 1845-46, Mr. Trench has published many sermons and minor works. Prominent among the latter are his instructive little volumes—"The Study of Words," 1851, and "English past and present," 1855, which have gone through many editions. In 1856 he succeeded the late Dr. Buckland as dean of Westminster; and in 1863 was appointed archbishop of Dublin in room of Dr. Whately. In 1862 appeared, under his filial editorship, "The Remains of the late Mrs R. Trench, being selections from her journals, letters, and other papers edited by her son."—F. E.
TRENCHARD, Sir John, one of the secretaries of state in 1693-94, was the youngest son of a Dorsetshire squire of ancient lineage, and was born at Wolverton in that county in 1650. He was educated at New college, Oxford; and after studying the civil law, was called to the bar by the Society of the Middle temple. He was trained in the strict creed of the puritans, hating popery like sin, and he withstood assertions of the prerogative in the spirit of a Commonwealth man. He was member for Taunton in Charles II.'s third parliament, which sat but from March to July in 1679. He fully represented the extreme whig spirit which animated Taunton in those days. He brought into parliament the first exclusion bill, and so incurred the undying enmity of James II. He was deeply implicated in Monmouth's rebellion, and saved his life by escaping to the continent, being excepted by name from the general pardon of 1686. After the Revolution he returned home, and sat in the convention parliament for Dorchester. He was made serjeant, then chief-justice of Chester, and was knighted. In 1693 he was raised to the dignity of secretary of state as a subordinate colleague of the earl of Nottingham, and without being admitted to the graver secrets of state, was left to superintend the police of the kingdom, the seizure of unlicensed books, and the discovery of treasons. His hot zeal against the jacobites misled him in the matter of the Lancashire plot of 1694, and he became the victim of general obloquy when the prosecutions he had instituted failed. He was accused of having vamped up a sham conspiracy in order to destroy innocent men. These unjust charges helped to undermine his health, and he died in middle age on the 20th April, 1695.—(Macaulay's England.)—R. H.
TRENCHARD, John, a contemporary and near relative of Sir John, and an ardent politician and pamphleteer, was born in 1662, and was educated for the law. Though called to the bar he did not practise, but entered parliament in 1695 as member for Wareham. Of the extreme and malcontent whig party, upon being appointed in 1692 a commissioner to take an account of the forfeited estates in Ireland, he took occasion in the report which he drew up, to reflect severely upon the grants made by the king to Albemarle, the countess of Orkney, and other of William's personal friends. He took a prominent part in the literary and parliamentary conflicts which raged in 1697 upon the subject of standing armies. He wrote numerous pamphlets, letters to newspapers, &c., some of which were collected and published after his death by Mr. Gordon, his amanuensis. He died on 17th December, 1723.—R. H.
TRENCK, Frederick von der, Baron, author of the celebrated "Memoirs," was descended from one of the noblest families in Prussia, and was born at Königsberg in 1726. On completing his education at the university of his native town, he removed to Berlin, and in 1742, when only sixteen years of age, obtained admission as a cadet into the famous body guards of Frederick the Great. His excellent abilities and extensive acquirements, his skill in fencing, riding, and other exercises, combined with his astonishing powers of memory, attracted the attention of the king, who in the course of a few weeks gave him a cornet's commission, along with a splendid equipment for the service. The young baron distinguished himself in a campaign against Austria by his signal bravery, and had every prospect of winning his way to the highest honours, when his imprudence ruined all hope of advancement. He contracted an attachment to the king's sister, and having aggravated the displeasure which the discovery of his presumption had excited by accepting a present of horses from his cousin, an eminent general in the Austrian service, he was suddenly arrested in 1745, and sent as a prisoner to the citadel of Glatz. After several unsuccessful
