his remarkable skill in mathematics obtained the Lucasian professorship in 1760. The most highly esteemed of his writings were his investigations on the algebraical curves. They were for a long time better appreciated on the continent than in his own country.—W. J. M. R.
WARNACHAIRE (Warnacharius), mayor of the palace under Thierry II., king of Burgundy in 613. This prince died before he was able to carry out his intention of invading the dominions of his cousin, Clotaire II. Brunehaut, however, who ruled Austrasia and Burgundy, sought to rid herself of Warnachaire, and gave orders to have him assassinated. Warnachaire discovered the plot by an accident, and in revenge so arranged matters that Clotaire, who now assumed the offensive, was victorious on all points—the three sons of Thierry were killed, and Brunehaut died under torture. Clotaire thus united in his own person the whole empire of the Franks, but the Merovingian sovereigns were henceforth under the authority of the mayors of the palace, who, from simple officers of the household, obtained the control of the finances and the army. Moreover, it was demanded by the nobles, not only that the mayors should be elected by themselves, but that the mayoralty of Burgundy should be irrevocably confirmed to Warnachaire. His administration, however, was skilful, and to it may be attributed the tranquillity of the latter part of the reign of Clotaire II. He died in 626.—F. M. W.
WARNER, John, D.D., an English prelate, born in London towards the close of the sixteenth century, was educated at Magdalen college, Oxford, where he obtained a fellowship, and afterwards graduated in divinity. He held the rectory of St. Michael's in the metropolis for two years, resigned it in 1616, and about ten years later became rector of St. Dionis, Fenchurch Street, and a prebendary of Canterbury cathedral. In 1633 he accompanied Charles I. to Scotland as one of the royal chaplains. The deanery of Lichfield was conferred upon him in the same year, and in 1637 he was installed bishop of Rochester. In the ecclesiastical and political contentions of that period he strenuously supported the throne and the Church of England, signed the declaration of 1641, and stood his trial among the impeached bishops. After the death of Charles, his refusal to submit to the parliament brought on him a sentence of confiscation, and he was compelled to seek refuge in Wales. He lived, however, to see the Restoration, resumed his episcopal functions at Rochester, and took part in the Savoy conference. His death occurred in 1666. Bromley college in Kent, for maintaining twelve widows of clergymen, was founded by him, and he also instituted four scholarships at Balliol college, Oxford, in favour of students from Scotland.—W. B.
WARNER, Joseph, an eminent surgeon, was born in 1717, in Antigua. Sent to England at an early age, he was educated at Westminster school, and afterwards served a seven years' apprenticeship to Samuel Sharpe the celebrated surgeon. At the expiration of his term he was chosen joint teacher of anatomy with Sharpe at St. Thomas', and on the retirement of the latter, Warner succeeded to the entire lectureship. On the breaking out of the rebellion of 1746, Warner volunteered his services as a surgeon to the army of the duke of Cumberland; but he was recalled during the campaign to fill the office of surgeon to Guy's hospital. As surgeon to Guy's for forty-four years, he obtained both reputation and private practice. In 1756 he became a fellow of the Royal Society, in 1764 a member of the Court of Assistants of the Old Corporation of Surgeons, and in 1771 a member of the Court of Examiners. He died at his house in Hatton Garden, July 24, 1801. His professional writings were numerous. Amongst them are "Cases in Surgery," 8vo, London, 1754; "Description of the Human Eye," 8vo, London, 1773; and several papers in the Philosophical Transactions.—F. C. W.
WARNER, Richard, an English botanist, was born in 1711, and died on the 11th April, 1775. He was educated at Oxford. Being in comfortable circumstances, he was able to prosecute his favourite science without distraction. He collected and cultivated exotic plants; and in 1771 he published "Plantæ Woodfordienses," or descriptions of the plants found near his residence, Woodford Row, in Essex. He was also a man of literary tastes, and was noted for his critical knowledge of Shakspeare. He translated some of the comedies of Plautus. A genus, Warneria, has been named after him.—J. H. B.
* WARNER, Susan, the American novelist, whose popular writings have been published under the pseudonym of Elizabeth Wetherell, is the daughter of Mr. Henry Warner, a member of the New York bar. According to Duyckinks' Cyclopædia of American Literature, 1855, "she has for some years resided with the remainder of her father's family on Constitution Island, near West Point, in the finest portion of the Hudson Highlands." Miss Warner, previously unknown, achieved a sudden and great popularity on both sides of the Atlantic with the publication, in 1849, of "The Wide, Wide World," followed, in 1852, by "Queechy;" in 1854, by "Say and Seal;" and in 1856 by "The Hills of the Shatemac"—all of them novels of American domestic life. She is the authoress of a theological work, "The Law and the Testimony," 1853, as of a prize essay on the duties of American women; and has aided her younger sister. Miss Anna B. Warner, in the composition of various tales, &c.—F. E.
WARNER, William, an English poet, was a native of Oxfordshire, and was born about 1558. He was educated at Oxford, and subsequently became an attorney in London, but he does not appear to have followed his profession with the same perseverance as that with which he wooed the Muses. His chief poem was entitled "Albion's England," which was very popular in his own age, and has been warmly commended by later critics. He was also author of "Syrinx," a prose romance, and translator of Plautus' Menæchmi. He died suddenly, on 9th March, 1609. "Albion's England" appears in Chalmers' Collection of the British Poets.—F.
WARREN, Charles, a celebrated line engraver, was born in London, June 4, 1762. Of his early life little is known. He worked long for the booksellers, and it was not till about 1800 that the exquisite finish of his little plates began to attract notice. He then shortly took his place as one of the best engravers of book-plates of the day: and it was a time when the small engravings to the series of poets, novelists, &c., displayed a degree of artistic excellence unknown before, and seldom attained since. Warren's prints after Stothard, Smirke, &c., were particularly admired, and proofs of them now command a price many times higher than their original cost. "His Broken Jar," after Wilkie, and some from Smirke's Don Quixote series, are among the most celebrated. Warren is said to have been the first to use steel plates for fine works. He was for several years president of the Artists' Society. He died April 21, 1823.—J. T—e.
* WARREN, Henry, president of the Institute of Painters in Waters Colours, was born in London, on 24th September, 1796. He was intended for business, but his friends were at length induced to allow him to follow his inclination for art, and he entered the Royal Academy as a student in 1818. He at first painted in oil, but abandoned it for water colours, and joined the society of which he has now for several years been the president. He paints both subject-pieces and landscapes, but shows a decided predilection for oriental subjects, though we believe he has never visited the East. His landscapes have frequently glowing sunset effects. His subject-pieces are often scriptural—like "The Wise Men Journeying," painted for the Prince Consort, or "The Flight into Egypt;" sometimes poetical, like "The Peri." He has, however, painted many native landscapes, and several subjects from Scott's novels, and made numerous book illustrations. He has written some papers on art-matters, and was one of the commissioners of fine arts to the French Exposition Universelle in 1855.—His son, *Edmund G. Warren, is also a water colour painter of reputation. He excels in woodland scenes, which he paints with great minuteness: his "Avenue, Evelyn Woods," and "Lost in the Wood," are well-known examples.—J. T—e.
WARREN, Sir John Borlase, an English admiral was born in 1754 at Stapleford in Nottinghamshire, a seat that had long been in the possession of his ancestors. While being prepared for the university he ran away to sea, but after three or four years' experience on board ship he was induced to resume his studies, and entered Emanuel college, Cambridge. In 1774 he was elected to represent Marlow in parliament. On the breaking out of the American war, he again joined the navy, and in 1777 he embarked in the Venus frigate. He celebrated this return to the profession of his choice by purchasing the discharge of all the naval officers then confined for debt in the Fleet and King's bench prisons. In the wars which succeeded Warren was constantly employed, and rose to the highest rank by gradations, which will be found set forth in Marshall's naval biography. In 1793 he captured three French ships of war in Cancalle bay. Two years later he conducted the French emigrants to Quiberon bay, and landed them and their stores safely on the coast. After the failure of that unfortunate expedition, he
