was buried in St. Michael's, Bassishaw, where there is a tablet to his memory. Dr. Wharton's work on the glands, "Adenographiæ, seu descriptio glandularum totius corporis," 8vo, London, 1656, was a valuable addition to anatomical science. It was reprinted at Amsterdam in 1659.—F. C. W.
WHARTON, Thomas, Marquis of, the profligate son of a puritanical father, and the father of a son more licentious than himself, was born in 1646, and trained in the strictest school of Calvinism. On the change of manners in England after the Restoration, Wharton distinguished himself as much by contempt for the moral and religions tenets of his parents as by fidelity to their political opinions. He was a great rake, but a stanch whig. When the exclusion bill was passed in the commons, he was one of the members who carried it to the house of lords. In 1685 he was elected to James II.'s first parliament as member for Buckinghamshire, in spite of an unscrupulous attempt to defeat him. He wrote the celebrated "Lillibullero," a satirical ballad, aimed at Lord Tyrconnel's administration of Ireland. He used to boast that by it he sung a king out of three kingdoms. He was among the first English noblemen to join William of Orange at Exeter on his first landing. His electioneering skill was of great use to his party, by whom he was called "honest Tom," an epithet that would be ironical in any but a political sense, since his reputation for unblushing mendacity is universal. He was greatly hated by the tories, and bitterly abused by Swift. He was comptroller of the household to William III., who in 1697 gave him the lucrative office of chief-justice in Eyre, south of the Trent. It was intended that he should succeed Trumbull as secretary of state in the same year, but Sunderland appointed Vernon to his own cost. After the accession of Queen Anne he was made a commissioner for effecting the union with Scotland; created Earl in 1706, and appointed lord-lieutenant of Ireland in 1708. George I. raised him to the rank of Marquis, and made him lord privy seal. Accomplished, witty, cool, brave, but regardless of moral principle, he was admired more than loved; and the disappointment he sustained in the clandestine marriage of his reckless son in January, 1715, is said to have broken his heart. He died 12th April, 1715.—R. H.
WHATELY, Richard, Archbishop of Dublin and Bishop of Glendalagh and Kildare, one of the most eminent theologians and profound thinkers of the present day, was born in 1789, and was the son of the Rev. Dr. Joseph Whately, prebendary of Bristol. He was entered as a commoner in Oriel college, Oxford, which has numbered among its members Arnold, Copleston, Davison, Keble, Hampden, Pusey, Hawkins, Newman, and other distinguished men of the present generation. He graduated B.A. in 1808, taking a second class in classics and mathematics; in 1811 he became a fellow of Oriel; and in 1812 took his degree of A.M. There was nothing remarkable in Whately's early history, and he does not seem to have attracted much notice in the university until 1810, a considerable time after he took his degree, when he obtained the prize for the English essay, "In what Arts the Ancients excel the Moderns." From this time his great abilities and attainments became more generally known and appreciated. He was celebrated for his singularly felicitous mode of communicating knowledge, and trained more first-class men than any tutor of his time. His associates unite in the testimony that they learnt more from him in the way of private friendship, than from all their college career besides. In 1822 he was appointed Bampton-lecturer, and delivered an admirable series of discourses on the "Use and Abuse of Party Feeling in Matters of Religion," to which have been added four sermons, preached before the university of Oxford. He contributed to the Encyclopedia Metropolitana the articles Logic and Rhetoric, which have since been reprinted as separate treatises, have passed through many editions, and are now (especially the latter) regarded as standard works on these subjects. His first important contribution to theological science was the substance of certain discourses delivered by him as select preacher at Oxford, and published in the form of essays. The first series is—"On some of the Peculiarities of the Christian Religion;" the second, "On some of the Difficulties in the Writings of the Apostle Paul;" the third, entitled the "Errors of Romanism traced to their Origin in Human Nature," is probably the ablest and most original of Archbishop Whately's writings; and the fourth is. "On some of the Dangers to Christian Faith which may arise from the teaching or the conduct of its Professors." In 1822 Whately was presented to the rectory of Halesworth in Suffolk, and delivered to his rustic parishioners a series of sermons, some of which have since been published, and are models of their class. He took a deep interest in the removal of the Roman catholic disabilities, and supported Sir Robert Peel in his memorable contest for the university of Oxford, when he appealed to his constituents upon this question. In 1830 Whately was appointed president of St. Alban's hall, and, soon after, professor of political economy. The introductory lectures, nine in number, which he delivered in Easter term, 1831, are full of profound thought, and contain a masterly refutation of various erroneous notions respecting that science. Shortly after the accession of Earl Grey's ministry to office, on the death of Dr. Magee, Dr. Whately was nominated archbishop of Dublin. The appointment was highly honourable to the whigs, but was far from being popular with the clergy on either side of the channel. The new archbishop's independence, both of thought and action, combined with certain opinions deemed heterodox respecting the divine authority of the Sabbath, caused him to be received in Ireland with suspicion and dislike. Dr. Arnold, who used to look back to a visit to Whately at Halesworth as a marked era in the formation of his views, says of him at this period—"I am sure that in point of real essential holiness, so far as man can judge of man, there does not live a truer christian than Whately, and it does grieve me most deeply to hear people speak of him as of a dangerous and latitudinarian character, because in him the intellectual part of his nature keeps pace with the spiritual, instead of being left as the evangelicals leave it a fallow field for all unsightly creeds to flourish in. He is truly a great man in the highest sense of the word; and if the safety and welfare of the protestant church in Ireland depend in any degree on human instruments, none could be found, I verily believe, in the whole empire so likely to maintain it." But the suspicions referred to soon passed away, and "the experience of his perfect impartiality and honesty, of his unfeigned desire to promote the best interests of all classes within his diocese, and of his ready and strenuous efforts for the advancement of any good object," gained him the confidence and respect of both clergy and laity. His grace always took a deep interest in the national system of education in Ireland, and was for many years a member of the board of management; but he latterly resigned his seat, in 1853, in consequence of the concessions made to the Roman catholics regarding certain books, which they insisted should be excluded from the national schools. In addition to the works already mentioned. Archbishop Whately is the author of—"A View of the Scripture Revelations concerning a Future State;" "Lectures on Scripture Revelations respecting Good and Evil Angels;" "The Kingdom of Christ, delineated in two essays on our Lord's own account of his person and the nature of his kingdom, and of the constitution, powers, and ministry of a christian church as appointed by himself," which has been pronounced the boldest, and at the same time the most temperate of his publications; a volume of "Sermons on Various Subjects," and one of "Charges and other Tracts;" "Thoughts on Secondary Punishments, in a Letter to Earl Grey;" "Remarks on Transportation, and on a Recent Defence of the System, in a Second Letter to Earl Grey;" "Thoughts on the Sabbath;" "Introductory Lectures on the Study of St. Paul's Epistles;" "Introductory Lessons on Christian Evidences;" "Easy Lessons on Money Matters, for the Use of Young People," and "Easy Lessons on Reasoning"—three small works, which are models in their respective departments; "Historic Doubts relative to Napoleon Bonaparte;" and a similar work on German neologism, by Aristarchus Newlight—masterpieces of grave irony. He also edited an edition of Bacon's Essays, and of Paley's Moral Philosophy, with annotations; a collection of "English Synonyms;" and the Remains of the late E. Coplestone, Bishop of Llandaff. The archbishop also wrote a considerable number of articles in the leading reviews, addresses, single sermons, &c., and a preliminary dissertation to the eighth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, "exhibiting a general view of the rise, progress, and corruptions of Christianity." The works of Whately are full of original, profound, and suggestive thought, expressed in a terse, luminous, and singularly attractive style, and displaying great intellectual energy, fearless honesty, and vast and varied attainments. They deserve to be ranked with the writings of Butler and Paley, and entitle their author to the warmest gratitude of the friends of true religion. Whately died 8th October, 1863.—J. T.
