west of Quebec. Surprised, but not dismayed, Montcalm at once led out his troops to meet them. The struggle was brief but decisive. Just as the action began Wolfe received a ball in the wrist, and soon after was struck by a second in the groin; but concealing his wounds he cheered on his soldiers to a decisive bayonet charge, which he led in person. A third shot, however, which he felt would prove mortal, entered his heart, and turning round to the nearest officers, he said, "Support me, some of you; don't let my men see me fall." He was at once conveyed to the rear, but continued to gaze on the battle-field till his eyesight began to fail, and he became faint from loss of blood. All at once he was roused out of this stupor by the eager exclamation of an officer who stood beside him, "They run!—they run!" "Who runs?" cried Wolfe, raising himself on his elbow. "The French," answered the officer; "they are flying in all directions." "Then hasten one of you," rejoined the dying hero, "to Colonel Burton and tell him to move Webb's regiment down Charles River with all speed, so that the bridge may be secured, and their retreat cut off. . . . Now God be praised;" and after a short pause, "I die happy." He then turned on his side, and immediately breathed his last.
The French general also was mortally wounded, and died next day, and his second in command fell almost at the same moment that General Monckton, who succeeded to Wolfe's place, was killed. The French lost one thousand five hundred in killed, wounded, and prisoners, while the loss of the British amounted to six hundred and forty. The city of Quebec capitulated on the 18th September, and the possession of Canada was finally secured to Great Britain by the treaty of 1763.
Wolfe was only thirty-three years of age when he died in the arms of victory. His death was regarded as a national loss. Mourning was worn for him by all classes, high and low, and a public monument in Westminster abbey was unanimously voted to him by the house of commons. But his body was interred in Greenwich parish church beside his father, who died only a few days before the arrival of the news of his son's death. His aged wife, however, survived to mourn her double loss. General Wolfe was not more distinguished for his military genius and bravery, his ardent and fearless spirit of enterprise, his thorough knowledge of his profession, and his skill as a disciplinarian, than for his religious principles, high-souled generosity, amiability, humanity, and exemplary conduct in private life. His name is one of the purest, as well as highest, on the roll of our country's military heroes.—J. T.
* WOLFF, Emil, an eminent German sculptor, was born in 1802 at Berlin, and studied in the art-academy of that city under Rudolf Schadow. In 1821 he gained the prize of Rome, for his rilievo of "David playing on the harp before Saul." At Rome, where he still lives, he studied under Thorwaldsen. His works are numerous; his style is classical, but vigorous and free from pedantry. Among his classical groups may be named, as illustrative of his manner, "Achilles and Thetis;" the "Death of Patroclus;" and "Telephus suckled by a Hind." Among his religious subjects, "Jephtha and his Daughter;" and among those of a more familiar character, the "Fisher Boy" and "A German Maiden with a Lamb." He has also executed marble statues of her Majesty and the Prince Consort—the latter in a classic costume. His busts are much admired for their intellectual character and expression. They include those of his old masters, Schadow and Thorwaldsen; Winckelmann, Niebuhr, and other distinguished Germans. He is a member of the Berlin Academy, a knight of the order of the red eagle, &c.—J. T—e.
WOLFF, Joseph, D.D., LL.D., a learned Jewish missionary and traveller, was a native of Bavaria, and was born in 1796. His parents were both Jews, and his father was the rabbi of a synagogue. In 1809 young Wolff was sent to pursue his studies at the gymnasium of Bamberg, where he was converted to Christianity by Professor Nepf, a Roman catholic, and was baptized at Prague, on 13th September, 1812. Soon after, his reputation for scholarship and intellectual attainments attracted the notice of the celebrated poet Falck of Weimar, through whom he became acquainted with Göthe. About the close of 1812 he entered the university of Vienna, where he gained great distinction, and lived upon terms of the closest intimacy with Frederick von Schlegel and Werner, the poet. He next prosecuted his studies at Tübingen, and then proceeded to Rome, where he was introduced to Pope Pius VII., and entered first the Romano college, and subsequently the college of the Propaganda. But having adopted some opinions at variance with the creed of Rome, he was banished from the city. After spending a short time in Switzerland, he visited England in June, 1819. The perusal of the life of Francis Xavier had inspired Wolff in his sixteenth year with the desire to become a missionary, and he now formed the resolution to visit every quarter of the world where his dispersed Jewish brethren were to be found, for the purpose of preaching to them "Jesus and the resurrection." The London Society for the Conversion of the Jews sent him to Cambridge, in order that he might prosecute his studies under Professor Lee and Mr. Simeon; and having now acquired a knowledge of Arabic and Persic, as well as of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, he set out on his missionary travels in the autumn of 1821. On his way to Jerusalem he visited Gibraltar, Malta, Egypt, the desert of Sinai, St. Jean d'Acre, and Mount Lebanon—everywhere labouring with enthusiastic zeal to induce his countrymen to embrace the christian faith. After spending some time in the Holy City, he proceeded to Aleppo, which, on the very night of his arrival (August, 1822), was reduced to a mass of ruins by a terrible earthquake, that destroyed no less than forty thousand persons. Wolff and his companions, in consequence of the heat, had providentially gone to sleep in the open fields, and thus escaped destruction. After this calamitous event Wolff left Syria, and visited again in succession Egypt, Malta, and Jerusalem, distributing copies of the scriptures, and discharging with untiring assiduity the duties of his mission, undiscouraged either by dangers or privations. A brother missionary who met him at this time describes him as a man "to whom a floor of brick is a featherbed, and a box a bolster; who makes or finds a friend, alike in the persecutor of his former or present faith; who can conciliate a pacha or confute a patriarch; who travels without a guide, and speaks without an interpreter; can live without food, and pay without money; forgiving all the insults he meets with, and forgetting all the flattery he receives; who knows little of worldly conduct, and yet accommodates himself to all men, without giving offence to any." Towards the close of 1823 we find Dr. Wolff once more at Aleppo. About the beginning of the following year he set out for Mesopotamia, Bagdad, and Persia, where he remained till the close of 1825. In the following year he returned to England, where he was welcomed with the greatest cordiality, and in February, 1827, married Lady Georgiana Mary Walpole, sister to the earl of Orford. Before taking this step, in order to prevent any suspicion or imputation of sordid motives, he made a voluntary resignation of all right to the lady's property. Shortly after his marriage Dr. Wolff resumed his missionary journeyings and labours—visited Portugal, Spain, Egypt, Palestine, and Turkey, and in 1831 made a second journey through Persia, where he was taken prisoner by a band of robbers, who stripped him and treated him with great cruelty. On regaining his freedom he proceeded to Affghanistan; thence to the Punjaub, Cashmere, the Himalayah mountains, Delhi, Cawnpore, Lucknow, Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay—receiving everywhere the most marked attentions from the political authorities. In 1835 he returned again to England, but after a short stay he resumed his travels—visited Egypt and Abyssinia, touched at Bombay, and thence set sail for the United States, which he reached in 1837. He was ordained a deacon of the episcopalian church by Bishop Doane of New Jersey, and was created a doctor of divinity; and after his return to England in 1838, he was received into priest's orders by the bishop of Dromore, obtained the honour of LL.D. from the university of Dublin, and was presented to the small living of Linthwaite, near Huddersfield, Yorkshire. He was subsequently appointed curate of High Hoyland, near Wakefield, but resigned this situation, in 1843, in consequence of the inadequacy of the salary. In the following year, when the rumour of the imprisonment and alleged murder of Captain Conolly and Colonel Stoddart by the khan of Bokhara reached this country, Dr. Wolff offered to undertake a journey to Bokhara for the purpose of obtaining the liberation of these unfortunate officers, if they should be found still alive. The necessary funds having been provided by a committee, Wolff set out on his perilous undertaking on the 14th of October, 1844. He performed the journey with all the speed in his power; but on reaching Bokhara early in 1845, he learned that the officers in question had been put to death by the khan, and with some difficulty Wolf himself escaped a similar fate at the hands of the cruel and jealous
