Page:Indian Shipping, a history of the sea-borne trade and maritime activity of the Indians from the earliest times.djvu/161

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HINDU PERIOD

manned with all necessary officers and hands, viz. a captain, a steersman, and a number of servants who would hold the oars and the ropes and bale out water.[1] Small boats were launched only in small rivers that overflowed during the rainy seasons.[2]

To ensure safety there were also in force many strict regulations regarding the fording or crossing of rivers. Fording or crossing of rivers without permission was prohibited in order to ensure that no traitor or enemy could escape.[3] The time and even the place for fording and crossing rivers were definitely fixed, so that any person fording and crossing outside the proper place and in unusual times was punished with first amercement;[4] and the man who forded or crossed a river at the usual place and time but without permission had to pay a fine of 26 3/4 panas.[5] Exceptions to this stringent rule were, however, allowed in the interests of trade and public good. Thus the following[6] were

  1. शासकनियामकदात्ररश्मिग्राहकोत्सेचकाधिष्ठिताश्च महानावो हेमन्तग्रीष्मभार्य्यासु महानदीषु प्रयोजयेत्।
  2. क्षुद्रिकासु वर्षास्राविणीषु क्षुद्रकाः।
  3. वद्धतीर्थाश्चैताः कार्य्याः राजद्विष्टकारिणां तरणभयात्।
  4. अकालेऽतीर्थे च चरत पूर्व्वस्साहसदण्डः।
  5. काले तीर्थे च अनि-सृश्चतारिणः पादोनसप्तविंशतिपणः तरात्ययः।
  6. कैवर्त्तकाष्टतृणभारपुष्पफलवाटषण्डगोपालकानामनत्यस्सम्भाव्यदूतानुपातिनां च सेनाभाण्डप्रयोगानां च; स्वतरणैः तरतां; वीजभक्तद्रव्योपस्करांश्चामूपग्रामाणां तारयताम्।

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