have the task of not merely connecting the new object with familiar experience but also that of helping the child to see how, in the light of his experience, the comprehension of the new topic is worth while. To get the observer to apperceive the nugget properly, it may not only be necessary to tell him that it is that familiar thing, gold, but to get him to see how valuable a thing it is to know about and to possess. To be sure, experience would be the only source of this valuation. Yet the child may need help to get from experience the values that will inspire him to enlarge his experience and power along specific lines. Thus, through a proper utilization of his experience the savage might be led to see the value that gold has for civilization and so to apperceive it quite differently. In this aspect apperception is very intimately related to Interest.
Some psychologists now use the term apperception to cover all that the mind adds to what is at the moment given by the senses. In this meaning it signifies the interpretation by the mind, not of perception, but rather of sensation. Perception itself is a gradual outgrowth of experience and therefore involves apperception. This use of the term leads to no important educational consequences that are not involved in the other.
See Association of Ideas, Interest, Teaching, Method of, Mental Discipline, Psychology for Teachers.
Consult Apperception, Lange; General Method and Method of the Recitation, Mc-Murry; The Educative Process, Bagley; and The Point of Contact in Teaching, Du Bois.
Appian Way, a famous road with many branches which connected Rome with southern Italy. The main road was laid out by Appius Claudius (312—307 B. C.). It was paved with large and well-fitting blocks and adorned with numerous magnificent sepulchers, the most noted being those of Collatinus and the Scipios. Within the present century excavations have been made over a large part of the ancient road.
Apple, the name of a tree and of the king of fruits, the most important commercial pomological fruit in the world. It will grow in a variety of climates and soils; in the Old World its range is from Scandinavia south to the mountainous portions of Spain; in the New World, from New Brunswick to the mountains of Georgia, from British Columbia down to the mountains of Mexico. And in New Zealand and Tasmania the apple thrives. It has been in cultivation since prehistoric times. Notable reference is made to it in ancient literature; it is mentioned several times in the Bible; in the tale of Troy's fall the apple played a part; names and other evidence shows its extensive cultivation by the Romans; the folk-lore of Scandinavia and Germany abounds with stories of apple trees and golden apples.
The apple belongs to the rose family of plants, and is a native of southwestern Asia and adjacent Europe. The common apples are all modifications of a single species; while the crab apples have all been derived from another species. The number of varieties actually on sale in America during any year is not far from 1,000. North America is the greatest apple country of the world, and a full crop for the United States and Canada is said to be not less than 100,000,000 barrels.
Apples were early introduced in this country, and at first prized specially for cider. In the United States the apple is adapted to all portions save Florida, the lands immediately bordering the Gulf and the warmer localities of the southwest and Pacific coast. The most perfect apple region, Bailey considers, begins with Nova Scotia and extends to the west and southwest to Lake Michigan; other important regions are the Piedmont country of Virginia and the highlands of adjacent states, the plains region, the Ozark and Arkansas regions and the Pacific region.
While the apple thrives in a variety of soils, it reaches its best in a clay-loam. It is propagated both by budding and by grafting the sort desired on young seedling trees. Apples grown from seeds are very apt to revert to the wild type. Dread enemies of the apple are apple worm and apple scab. Spraying with poison is the means used to check their work of ruin.
There are several species of crab apple native to North America; the prairie, the wild (Coronaria), the narrow-leaved, and the oregon crab. The blossom of the wild crab-apple is of exquisite beauty and fragrance, and thickets of these trees now have place in many of our city parks. There is no wild flower more highly prized in this country, and for every region there is a crab-apple tree.
The common apple tree is rightly valued for its beauty as well as its utility. In the spring, when the rugged, sturdy trunk bears aloft its huge bouquet of fragrant bloom and freshest leaves, all pay homage—and here may be made declaration that
