horse was killed under him and he himself was severely wounded. Disabled by his wound, he spent much of the winter of 1777-78 in the hospital at Albany, and the next spring was placed in command of Philadelphia. Here he met Major André, with whom he formed an acquaintance which ended disastrously for both. In 1780 Arnold, at his own request, was given command of West Point on the Hudson, one of the most important points in the colonies, which he traitorously agreed to betray into the hands of the British. After his secret interview with André, and the capture of that officer, Arnold fled to the British army, in which he was given a command in the latter part of the war he led an attack against his native state, and when peace was declared, went to London, where he lived in obscurity until his death on June 14, 1801,
Ar'nold, Sir Edwin, an English poet, scholar and iournalist, was born June 10, 1832, the son of a Sussex magistrate. He studied at Rochester and at King's College, London; was elected to a scholarship at University College, Oxford, where he won the Newdigate prize by a poem in Belshazzar's Feast. He taught at Birmingham, and was principal of the government Sanskrit College, at Poona, India. In 1861 he became one of the editors of the Daily Telegraph, London; and, in connection with it, to him was largely due the sending of Mr. George Smith to Assyria for exploratory purposes and of Stanley to Lake Victoria and down the Congo. His writings, chiefly poems, include: The Indian Song of Songs, Indian Poetry, Pearls of the Faith, The Song Celestial, The Light of Asia and The Light of the World. He died March 24, 1904.
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| MATTHEW ARNOLD |
Arnold, Matthew, an eminent English poet, essayist and critic. He was born at ualeham, December 24, 1822, the eldest son of Dr. Arnold of Rugby. He studied at Winchester, Rugby and Balliol College, Oxford, and was made a fellow of Oriel. After acting for some years as a private secretary, he was made government in-spector of schools. In 1857 he was elected professor of poetry at Oxford. <In 1883 he lectured in the United States. Arnold's poetical works place him in the front rank of modern poets. As a critic his literary judgments have long been received by the literary world with a higher respect than is given to the criticisms of most other writers. His prose works include Essays in Criticism, Culture and Anarchy, Literature and Dogma, Irish Essays and Last Essays on Church and Religion. He died suddenly at Liverpool on April 15, 1888. See Letters of M. Arnold (1848-88), collected by G. W. E. Russell and the monograph by George Saintsbury.
Arnold, Thomas, headmaster of Rugby, was born June 13, 1795, on the Isle of Wight. He studied at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and in 1815 was elected a fellow of Oriel College. As a boy he was shy and retiring, as a youth somewhat bold and unsettled in his opinions, but in his studies he took a high rank. The next few years were spent in fitting pupils for the university, in beginning his History of Rome and in the quiet study and thought which gave him those positive ideas of Christian belief and life which were strongly expres ed in his later years. From this life he was called to be headmaster at Rugby, a position which made him famous as a teacher of boys. He had the tact to make himself both loved and feared. He made it a practice to believe his scholars. "If you say so, that is enough; of course, I believe your word.*' And so there grew up a feeling among the boys that it was a shame to tell him a lie. Once when he had sent away several boys, he said: "It is not necessary that this should be a school of three hundred, or one hundred or fifty boys; but it is necessary that it should be a school of Christian gentlemen." In 1841 he was made professor of modern history at Oxford, and he was just entering with enthusiasm upon his new duties, when he died suddenly, June 12, 1842. He was buried in Rugby chapel. His great work, the History of Rome, was broken off at the end of the second Punic War by his death. The story of his life has been told by one of his old pupils, Dean Stanley, in his Life and Correspondence of Arnold; but he will be best known as the schoolmaster in Tom Brown's School-Days, by Thomas Hughes, another of his pupils.
A'roids, the common name of the great plant family Araceœ, which contains about 1,000 species. The great display of aroids Is in the tropics, where they are remarkably diversified. In our own flora, Jack-in-the-pulpit, sweet flag and skunk cabbage may be taken as representatives. One of the best known forms is the cultivated calla-lily. The feature of the group is the huge enveloping bract or spathe, which incloses the fleshy spike of inconspicuous flowers.
Aroostook (a-rōōs'tǒǒk) War, a somewhat jocular name given the boundary
