later. The Confederate loss was 1,314; the Union loss about 1,800.
Cedar Rapid or The Cedars. An extensive rapid on the St. Lawrence River, now avoided by the Soulanges Canal, and the name of a village on the northern bank of the river, in Soulanges County, Quebec. Here Capt. Forster with a small band of regulars and Indians captured the garrison of 400 Americans in their retreat from Quebec in May, 1776. A force under Maj. Sherburne was also defeated after a spirited engagement, and the survivors made prisoners.
Cedar Rapids, Ia., a city in Linn County, on Cedar River. It is a considerable railroad-center, and has a number of machine-shops, employing about 1,000 men. The water-power utilized by its manufactories comes from the Cedar River. Its industries are pork-packing and the manufacture of flour, pumps, furniture, agricultural implements, starch, creamery, egg and dairy products. Cedar Rapids is the home of the American Cereal Co. and the Pawnee Cereal Co., which together have a daily capacity of thousands of barrels of cereals and give employment to hundreds of people. The city has the service of four railroads, excellent public schools, a public and also a Masonic library, etc. Population, 32,811.
Celebes (sĕl′e-bēz), an island possession of the Netherlands in the East Indies, lying between Borneo on the west and the Moluccas on the east. It was first visited by the Portuguese in 1512, but in 1660 was taken and occupied by the Dutch. The center and north of the island are mountainous, and have deposits of gold, copper, tin and diamonds. It is rich in forest wealth and its vegetation is luxuriant. The area of Celebes is 49,390 square miles, with an estimated population (1900) of 454,368. Among its chief products are coffee, sugar, indigo and tobacco. The capital is Macassar, situated on the southwestern peninsula. The Celebes Sea, on the north of the island, separates the latter from the Philippines; the Strait of Macassar on the west separates it from the island of Borneo.
Cell (in plants), the unit of structure in the bodies of plants and animals. The bodies of the smallest plants consist of a single cell, while those of the more complex plants consist of very many cells. The free cell is approximately globular in outline, but if pressed upon by neighboring cells it may become variously modified in form.
PLANT CELLS OF DIFFERENT AGES
Bounding the ordinary plant-cell,
there is a thin elastic wall composed
of a substance called cellulose. This cell-wall
forms a delicate sac within which
there exists the living substance called
protoplasm. It is this substance which
is alive and works, and has really formed
the cell-wall about itself. The protoplasm
of a living cell is organized into various
ULOTHRIX, SHOWING THE FORMATION, ESCAPE AND BEHAVIOR OF SWIMMING CELLS
structures,
which have
different duties.
One of the most
conspicuous
structures is a
more compact
mass of
protoplasm, usually of
spherical form,
which is called
the nucleus. The
nucleus is
imbedded in the
less dense
protoplasm, which
receives the general name cytoplasm. In
addition to its power of growth the living
cell is also able to divide itself into
two cells. The process of ordinary cell-division
is an exceedingly complicated one, and
is known as mitosis or karyokinesis. It
is this power of self-division which enables
a single cell, such as an egg, to produce
eventually a complex body composed of
numerous cells.
Cell-Doctrine, the doctrine that all the tissues of animals and plants are constructed of cells. It unites living beings on the broad ground of similarity of structure, and, for the understanding of animals and plants, is one of the most important advances of the nineteenth century. The cells are the little particles that are fitted together to make the tissues, and, therefore, we may speak of them as the bricks of organic architecture. Not only are the parts of animals and plants constructed of cells, but every living being, no matter how complex, arises from a cell. The doctrine, therefore, is a broad one, and tends to unify knowledge.
