where she was covered with honors. After the battle of Philippi, Mark Antony summoned her to appear before him at Tarsus. The Egyptian queen sailed up the River Cydnus to meet him, in a sumptuous galley, arrayed as Venus rising from the sea. Then under 30 years of age, in the perfection of her Grecian beauty, she fascinated the heart of Antony, who henceforth became her lover and slave. Leaving her to marry Octavia, sister of Octavianus (afterward Emperor Augustus), he hurried back to the arms of Cleopatra, who met him in Syria and proceeded with him on the march to the Euphrates. After this, Antony's time was spent mostly with her at Alexandria, where he loaded her with gifts and honors. It was Cleopatra's counsel that Antony followed in risking the naval battle of Actium; and when she fled with her 60 ships, he forgot everything else, and “flung away half the world to follow her.” When Augustus appeared before Alexandria, the fickle queen at once treated with him for her safety; while Antony, on being told that she had killed herself, fell on his sword. But finding the report was false, he had himself carried into her presence and died in her arms. Cleopatra, now Augustus' prisoner, finding that she could not win him, as she had won Caesar and Antony, from disappointed pride took poison or killed herself by suffering an asp to bite her bosom (30 B. C.). Two women only, Helen of Troy and Mary Stuart, vie with Cleopatra in the fascination which her story exerts over men's minds.
Cleopatra's Needle. See Obelisk.
|
| GROVER CLEVELAND |
Cleveland, Stephen Grover, was born at Caldwell, New Jersey, March 18, 1837. He began to practice law at Buffalo in 1859. He was assistant district-attorney for three years, and in 1870 was chosen sheriff and, later, mayor of Buffalo. In 1882 he was elected governor of New York by 190,000 majority. After an exciting canvass he was elected president of the United States in 1884, receiving 219 electoral votes. The most important act of his administration was his message to congress in 1887 in which he announced a tariff policy on which the election of 1888 turned, when Mr. Cleveland was defeated by General Harrison, receiving 168 electoral votes to Harrison's 233. During his term as president he married Miss Frances Folsom of Buffalo, who brought social success and popularity to his administration. In 1892 he was nominated a third time for the presidency, and was elected, defeating General Harrison. His second administration added to his fame as a wise and able executive. Retiring to private life at Princeton, N. J., he there interested himself in delivering addresses at Princeton University, a collection of which he published in 1904. His death occurred June 24, 1908 at his New Jersey home.
Cleveland, county-seat of Cuyahoga County, now the largest city in Ohio and seventh largest in the United States, lies on the southern shore of Lake Erie, occupying an area of about 33 square miles. It lies about 180 miles west of Buffalo, N. Y., and 345 miles east of Chicago, Ill. The Cuyahoga River divides the city into the east and west sides. The river is much lower than the general city-level and is spanned by two long viaducts, one 50 and the other 100 feet high. Shipyards, ore-sheds, car-tracks, car-shops, lumber, etc. are in this valley.
One of the features of this city is a public square. It is the center of the business district, the center of the street-railway system, and several streets radiate from or near it. A bronze statue of the city's founder, Moses Cleaveland, and a Soldiers and Sailors monument, to the dead of the Civil War are located here. Monumental Square as it is called, was originally a tract of 10 acres. Two broad avenues, Superior and Ontario intersecting at right angles, have divided it into four sections. Euclid Avenue which begins at this square is one of the finest streets in America. The present public buildings are to be replaced by fine structures now under construction, grouped in a quadrangle north of the center of the city.
The Forest City, so styled because of its wide and beautifully shaded streets, has a fine system of parks and numerous beautiful cemeteries. Prominent among these are Riverside, Woodland and Lake-view. This latter occupies a ridge 250 feet above the lake, and on this height is the famous Garfield Monument.
Among many fine buildings are the Arcade, the Caxton Building, Williamson Building, Y. M. C. A. Building, the Cleveland Medical College and the music-hall seating 5,000 persons.
The Cleveland public-schools are maintained at a cost of about $2,000,000 a year. There are 72 grammar-schools, five high-schools, six manual-training schools, one deaf-mute, one normal, and more than 1,000 teachers. Private and parochial schools are numerous. Chief among the higher educational institutions are Western Reserve University, which has been formed by merging older schools and adding new ones Adelbert College, one of these affiliated members, was founded in 1826 as
