and, against the advice of older generals who served under him, he fought the battle of Rocroi, and by skillful maneuvering and fierce charges made it a brilliant victory—the first in the reign of Louis XIV. Two hard-won victories in Germany and the capture of Dunkirk were followed by his winning the important battle of Lens in 1648, in which the formidable Spanish infantry were destroyed and the Thirty Years' War ended. The next year began the war of the Fronde, and, though Condé by his generalship had placed the young king on the throne, his pride had made him enemies at court. Soon after he was arrested, and, when set free, he at once put himself at the head of the troops of Bordeaux, which had rebelled. But he was no longer successful. Turenne defeated him twice; and, forced to leave the country and now fighting in the Spanish army, he was again overcome by the same general. Eight years afterward, having been allowed to return to France, the death of Turenne again brought him to the front. In three weeks he conquered Franche-Comté and fought William of Orange, (William III of Holland and England), though in a drawn battle which lasted for 17 hours. This was his last engagement, as the campaign had broken his health. He died Dec. 11, 1686.
Condor, a very large bird of prey, living in South America, usually among the peaks of the Andes. It at one time was considered the largest bird of prey, but several species of the Old World are larger, and the Californian vulture reaches the same size. Before they were actually measured by Humboldt, fabulous stories were told in regard to their size and carrying-power. They were said to reach 30 or 40 feet in stretch of wing and to carry away sheep and children in their claws; but the toes are comparatively straight and the claws are blunt and not fitted for grasping. There is no authentic case of animals having been carried away by the condor. This structure of the foot makes it difficult for them to perch on trees and they prefer the bare rocks. They are sound sleepers, and may be caught with a noose while roosting. The plumage is a glossy black, with broad white bars across the wings and a collar or ruff of snow-white down around the neck. The latter is naked, and covered with wrinkled dull-red skin. They feed mostly on carrion, but are also fond of fresh meat and kill lambs, the goat and the young of cattle and deer. The white eggs are laid on inaccessible rocks, and the young cannot fly for about a year. They continue to hunt and roost with their parent for two years longer. Their plumage is brownish, and they have been called brown condors.
CONDOR
Conduction (in plants). See Water, Ascent of.
Cone (in plants), the characteristic cluster of seed-bearing scales developed by conifers and especially by the pines and their allies. The technical name of such a cluster is strobilus. See Conifers.
Co′ney Island, southeast of Long Island and barely separated from it by a rivulet, is a narrow strip of sand, five miles long and half a mile wide. It has a fine beach, which is lined with long rows of huge wooden hotels. Its nearness to New York and Brooklyn makes it a popular resort. The east end is called Manhattan Beach, and its broad hotel-verandas, promenades and well-laid-out grounds are patronized by the well-to-do. There are two large music-halls, with fine acoustic properties, the galleries open to the air, where the best musicians of New York give cheap summer-concerts. The west end is the most democratic resort in America, and its beach, bathing-pavilions, open-air restaurants and music-halls, toboggan-rollers and iron lookout-tower, 300 feet high, are crowded all summer by thousands of the ill-housed and sweltering men, women and children of the cities. Steamboats land every few minutes during the day at the tubular iron pier, 1,000 feet long; three railroads join Coney Island to New York and Brooklyn; and one surface and one elevated road carry the pleasure-seekers from one end of the island to the other.
Confed′erate States of America, The. When the Republican or antislavery party gained control of the government, by the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency, certain of the slave-states took
