the Bourbons from Sicily. In 1877 he became a member of the national cabinet, and afterward was premier of the Italy he had helped to make. Here he took high rank among the statesmen of Europe. It is due to Crispi that Italy entered the Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria; and the policy of keeping up the army on a footing with other European states of the first rank and of building up a war-navy was mainly his. He died at Naples, Aug. 11, 1901.
Crit′tenden, John Jordan, was born in Woodford County, Ky., Sept. 10, 1787. He graduated at William and Mary College, Virginia, studied law, and became famous as a criminal lawyer. He served many times in the Kentucky legislature, was six times chosen senator of the United States, and served one term as representative in Congress and one term as governor of Kentucky. He also was attorney-general under Presidents Harrison and Fillmore. He was most prominent just before and during the Civil War. He opposed the repeal of the Missouri Compromise; in the Kansas troubles he sided against the course of Presidents Pierce and Buchanan; when Lincoln was elected he took firm ground for the Union; and in 1860 he proposed amendments to the constitution which, he thought, would allay strife. He strenuously sought to keep Kentucky in the Union, but was unwilling that slaves should be used as soldiers. He remained in public life to the close of his career, being in the midst of a campaign for re-election to Congress when he died near Frankfort, Ky., July 26, 1863.
Crittenden, Thomas Leonidas, son of the above, an American general, was born in Kentucky in 1819, and died on Staten Island, N. Y., Oct. 23, 1893. After studying law, he became attorney-general in Kentucky in 1842, and from 1849 to 1853 was United States consul at Liverpool, England. Previous to this, he had served under Taylor in the Mexican War, and on the breaking out of the Civil War he entered the Union army, and was promoted to the rank of major-general and given command of a division of the Army of the Tennessee. Later, he served under Buell and Rosecrans, and at Chickamauga commanded one of the two corps that were routed. Resigning his commission in 1864, he entered the regular army two years later as colonel of the 32d infantry, and was brevetted brigadier-general in 1867. In 1869 he was transferred to the command of the 17th infantry and served on the frontier till 1876, and was in command of Governor's Island until he retired in 1881.
Crock′ett, David, was born at
Limestone, Tenn., Aug. 17, 1786. Davy, as he
was always called, was sent to school, but
on the fourth day he quarreled with the
schoolmaster, and, in fear of a thrashing
both from his father and from his
DAVID CROCKETT
teacher, he ran
away from home,
spending his time
roaming about
with drovers and
carriers. When 18,
he came home,
and for the first
time learned his
letters. In 1813
he served in the
Creek War under
Jackson. After
serving in the
legislature, he was
sent to Congress
for three terms.
But, though at first a follower of Jackson, he
had now become opposed to him, and,
foreseeing defeat, he thought of starting
upon a new career in Texas, which was
then in revolt against Mexico. He had all
his life been noted as a crack shot, a great
hunter and a brave fighter. Here also,
in Texas, he became famous for his exploits.
He met his death after defending Fort
Alamo against a large Mexican force. When
only six men were left, the fort was
captured, and the six, including Crockett,
were shot by order of Santa Anna, March
6, 1836.
Crockett, Samuel Rutherford, Scottish novelist, was born at Duchrae, Galloway, Sept. 24, 1860; and was educated at Edinburgh, Heidelberg and Oxford for the Scottish Free-Church ministry, which he entered in 1886, but afterward abandoned for literature. For a time he held a traveling tutorship at Oxford, and this enabled him to see Europe, Asia and Africa. His stories, however, deal chiefly with the homely characters and scenes of his native land. Scottish peasant-life has hardly ever, since the days of Scott and Galt, had so realistic and delightful a portrayer and delineator. He, moreover, draws much of his inspiration from his love of Scotland and of Scottish romantic and religious history. His novels, The Raiders and The Men of the Moss-Hags, admirably recreate the era of the Covenanters and their martyrdom for their stern faith. The first novel to bring Mr. Crockett fame was The Stickit Minister, published in 1893. Since then he has issued, among other works, Sweetheart Travelers, Cleg Kelly and The White Plume of Navarre.
Crocodile, a large, well-known water-reptile covered with bony scales. The tail is long and crested. The name is properly applied to a number of animals living in Asia, Africa, Australia and America. The crocodile of the Nile is the most famous. It occurs in nearly all the rivers of Africa. It is said that, owing to the persecutions
