members of the Royal Academy in 1768. He died on Aug. 2, 1788. As a portrait-painter he was the only worthy rival of the great Reynolds. In landscape-painting he reached a high rank. See Brock-Arnold's Gainsborough and Constable.
Galahad, Sir, in the Arthurian romances, the noblest and purest knight of the Round Table. He was the son of Sir Launcelot of King Arthur's court by marriage with Elaine, the fair daughter of King Pelles, and achieved the honor of winning the Holy Grail, in the quest of which his father and the other knights had failed. The meaning is that Sir Galahad, according to the legend, had been permitted by his sanctity to see the Holy Grail (Sangraal); that is, that he saw not by the eye of faith merely but with his bodily eyes, and touched with his hands the incarnate Savior, reproduced by the consecration of the elements of bread and wine. He therefore takes the "seat perilous" at the banquet of King Arthur and his knights, and becomes king of the Holy City. See Malory's romance of Morte d'Arthur and Tennyson's lyric of Sir Galahad, his Elaine and the Holy Grail in the Idylls of the King.
Galen (gä′len), Claudius, a celebrated Greek physician, was born at Pergamus, Mysia, in 130 A. D. He studied medicine at various places, and was physician to the school of gladiators in his native city for six years. He then went to Rome, where he gained a great reputation, attended the emperor Marcus Aurelieus and his two sons and, later, the emperor Severus. Of his works, eighty-three genuine treatises still exist. He gathered all the medical knowledge of his time, and fixed it on such a firm basis of truth that his work continued to be the authority in that science for centuries. He died, probably in Sicily, about 201 A. D.
Galena, Ill., is the county seat of Jo Daviess County. It was named from the galena, the most important of the lead-ores, found in its vicinity; settled in 1827; and incorporated as a city in 1839. About 1850 it became the western terminal of the first-built section of the present Chicago and Northwestern Railroad. It is also served by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railway. The city, which owns its electric-light plant, has a large trade and is a center of great interests in lead and zinc. Among the other industries are shoemaking and smelting. Galena is famous for having been the home from which Grant entered service in the Civil War. The homestead still is one of Galena's attractions. Others comprise Grant Park, the statue of Grant, the federal customhouse, the government-building and the public library. Population 4,875.
Gale′na, Kan., a thriving city of Cherokee County, southeastern Kansas, on the Kansas City, Fort Scott and Memphis Railroad. It is also reached by the St. Louis and San Francisco Railroad, and is seven miles west of Joplin, Mo. Mining is the chief industry of the region, which is rich in deposits of lead and zinc. The city added some eight thousand to its population in the previous decade, the number of its inhabitants now being 6,096, employment being given to many of them in the town's stamping and smelting works and other industrial activities.
Galesburg, Ill., the capital of Knox County, on four branches of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, also has the service of the Santa Fe, and is 162 miles southwest of Chicago. It is in a rich agricultural region, and near by are also some remunerative coal-mines. It possesses some notable educational institutions, among them Knox College (Congregational), Lombard University (Universalist), etc. It has considerable industries, including machine-shops, foundries, carriage and wagon-works, stockyards and the largest paving-brick manufacturing plant in the world. Population 22,089.
Gal′ilee, one of the four Roman divisions of Palestine. In the time of Christ it included the whole northern portion of Palestine from the Mediterranean to the Jordan. The district was divided into Upper and Lower Galilee, the former being hilly and wooded and the latter level and fertile. At that time it was mainly inhabited by Syrians, Phoenicians, Arabs and Greeks, with a few Jews. It had, therefore, long been known as Galilee of the Gentiles, i. e., of the nations. The principal towns were Tiberias and Sepphons. Those that figure in the gospels are Cana, Capernaum, Nazareth and Nam. There are still in this region the ruins of many fine synagogues. Galilee now forms part of the division called the pashalic of Damascus, in the Turkish province of Syria. It still has a number of Jewish inhabitants. See Dr. S. Merrill’s Galilee in the Time of Christ.
Galilee, Sea of, called also Lake of Gennesaret, Sea of Tiberias and Sea of Chin-nereth. It is a lake in the northern part of Palestine, lying 626 feet below the sea, and is thirteen miles long by six broad and 820 feet deep. It occupies the bottom of a great basin, and is of volcanic origin. Its waters are cool, clear and sweet, although the red and turbid Jordan and many warm springs find their way into it. Its shores on the east and north are bare and rocky; on the west they slope gradually and are covered with vegetation. It has many sacred associations. On its banks are Bethsaida, Capernaum, Magdala and Tiberias. In the time of Christ the surrounding region was the most densely populated in Galilee; now even its fisheries are almost entirely neglected.
