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crossed the Rhine, the Moselle and the Seine. But at the battle of Chalons (451) he was utterly defeated by an army of Romans, Franks and Visigoths under Theodoric and Ae"tius, in one of the bloodiest as well as most important battles of European history. Yet the next year he had strength enough to overrun Italy and would have taken Rome, had it not been for the visit to his camp of Pope Leo I, who is said, to have overawed him by his sacred character. But the battle of Chalons was the real deathblow to the Hunnish empire, which quickly fell to pieces after the death of Attila in 453. Another defeat in Pannonia by the Goths, Gepidae, Suevi, Heru-lians and others scattered them for good. Some settled in Dobrudja, others in Dacia, while the main body seem to have gone back to the land from which they came — the region about the Ural.
The Huns were of a dark complexion, deformed in appearance, uncouth in their movements and with shrill voices. Gibbon speaks of their "broad shoulders, flat noses and small, black eyes deeply buried in the head." According to an early fable they were sprung from witches and imps. Like the Mongols, they were a race of horsemen. They fought with bone-tipped javelins, sabers and slings or lassoes. They ate herbs and half-raw meat, which they first used as saddles; and they clothed themselves with the skins of wild animals. See Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman "Empire and Miss Yonge's Young Folks' History of Rome.
Hunt, Helen ("H. H.") See JACKSON, MRS. WILLIAM S.
Hunt, James Henry Leigh, English poet and essayist, was born at Southgate, close to London, Oct. 19, 1784. Hunt spent eight years at Christ's Hospital School in London. After some time as lawyer's clerk for one brother and four years in the war office with another brother, he set up a newspaper, The Examiner, in 1809. On Shelley's invitation to help him and Byron to found a quarterly magazine, The Liberal, he set sail for Leghorn in 1821, but arrived only a week before Shelley's death. The Liberal lived only for four issues, and soon Hunt was back in England. The remainder of his life was one of never-ending activity and never-ending money troubles, for, as he said, "he never knew his multiplication table." The critics called Hunt and Keats the Cockney poets. Leigh Hunt's poetry is now little read, but is witty and clever. His translations are among the choicest of their kind. Among his writings are The Story of Rimini, The Palfrey, Lord Byron and His Contemporaries, Imagination and Fancy, The Old Court Suburb. He died on Aug. 28, 1859. See his Autobiography and Leigh Hunt by Professor Dowden in Ward's English Poets.
Hunt, Richard Morris, an American architect, brother of William Morris Hunt, was born in 18 2 8. At an early age he studied
and traveled in Europe, Egypt and As!a Minor, afterward working on the buildings that connect the Louvre and the Tuilerks. After 1855 he distinguished himself in the United States by the extension of the Capitol at Washington, Lenox Library in New York City, the pedestal for Liberty Enlightening the World, magnificent and palatial private houses and Yorktown Monument. American architecture was and still is deeply influenced by him. He had many distinguished pupils, and was a founder of the Institute of Architects. He died in 1895.
Hunt, William Holman, English painter, was born at London in April, 1827, He first tried business life, but in 1845 be-camean art-student at the Royal Academy. In 1848 Hunt shared his studio with Dante Gabriel Rossetti; and the two, with Millais and other young painters, started the pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, whose members aimed at truth to nature in their work. Our English Coasts, The Light of the World and The Awakened Conscience are some of the pictures painted in this part of his life. In 1854 Hunt set out for Palestine to study eastern life and the local coloring and surroundings of Bible story. As a result of several visits he painted The Scapegoat, The Shadow of Death, The Triumph of the Innocents and The Finding of Christ in the Temple. His Afterglow in Egypt has been called "that modern masterpiece of technical art/' and Isabella is his finest work in respect of coloring. He died Sept. 7, 1910.
Hunt, William Morris, an American artist, was born in 1829 in Vermont, and became the one important figure-painter among the American artists of his time. He studied at Duesseldorf and -with Couture and Millet, bringing the latter's influence into American art. He always was a forceful technician, and many of his smaller pictures have great charm, fine color and masterly execution. His chief works include The Prodigal Son, A Peasant of Brittany, Portrait of Chief-Justice Waite, Seacoast at Magnolia ana, above all, the mural decorations in the Capitol at Albany. His portraits are exceptionally expressive of character; his landscapes large in style and vigorously executed; his wall-pictures the first large ones painted by an American that possessed artistic importance. The Capitol's new ceilings and
W. HOLMAN HUNT
