Page 975 : JOHN I — JOHNSON
Individual articles:
- John I
- John II
- John, Saint
- Johns Hopkins University
- Johnson, Andrew
- Johnson, Eastman
- Johnson, Reverdy
lover of science and a man of gentle disposition and pleasant manner.
John I, João the Great, king of Portugal, was the son of Peter I, and was born at Lisbon in 1357. At the death of his brother in 1385 he became regent, and seized the throne from the rightful heir. A war followed with Spain, in which John was victor. Fn 1415 he took Ceuta from the Moors. His reign was one of prosperity to Portugal. He died in 1433.
John II, João the Perfect, king of Portugal, was born at Lisbon in 1455. At 26 he succeeded his father, Alphonso V, and was crowned on Aug. 29, 1481. His reign is historically important, because of the voyages of discovery sent out by him under Diaz, who discovered the Cape of Good Hope, and Da Gama, who visited India. Other navigators explored the African coasts. He died in 1495.
John, Saint, the apostle and evangelist, was the son of Zebedee, a fisherman of Galilee. He was born at Bethsaida, and, until called by Jesus to be a disciple, folfowed his father’s occupation. The events of his life from this time to the ascension of Christ are to be learned from the Gospels. Besides Revelation he is held to be the author of the Gospel and the three Epistles which bear his name.
Johns Hop′kins University at Baltimore, Md., was founded, by Johns Hopkins (q. v.), a wealthy citizen of the Maryland town. In viewing the institution, Johns Hopkins Hospital, with its world-famed medical school, must be included, for the separate organizations founded by Johns Hopkins are under the same general management. For founding the hospital and university, Johns Hopkins gave the sum of $7,000,000. The university was incorporated in 1867 and opened in 1876; the hospital was opened in 1889; and students were received at the medical school in 1893. Johns Hopkins University is preeminently a graduate-school, providing facilities for advanced work in philosophical and scientific studies. For its advanced work it ranks with the leading universities of Europe. There, however, is maintained an adequate undergraduate department. The professors and instructors number 200 and the students 800. In 1902 the university was presented with a magnificent park lying on the outskirts of the city which is to become the future home of all the departments but that of medicine, which is established in connection with the extensive hospital-buildings on Broadway.
John′son, Andrew, the seventeenth president, was born at Raleigh, N. C., Dec. 29, 1808. When Andrew was four, his father was drowned. He left his family no property, so that Andrew very early was apprenticed to a tailor, whom he served for seven years, without any previous schooling. In 1825, with his mother, he emigrated to Tennessee, where he settled at Greenville. Here he worked at his trade about a year and then married. His wife was better educated than Johnson, and became his teacher in writing and arithmetic. At this time he could read, but his knowledge went no farther. Johnson naturally was a political leader. In 1830, when the town became a city, he was elected mayor, an office he held for three years. In 1835 he was chosen member of the legislature, and in 1841 member of the set vte. In 1843 he was elected to congress, where for ten years he worked for the Democratic party. He was twice chosen governor of Tennessee, and in 1857 was made United States senator. Here he opposed all disunion schemes, and during the Civil War was the leader of the southern union men. In 1862 he was appointed war governor of Tennessee. In this position he gave such satisfaction that the Republican party nominated him for vice-president, and he was elected with Lincoln in 1864. On April 14, 1865, by the assassination of President Lincoln, Johnson became president. His administration is memorable because of the contest between him and Congress, though both were elected by the Republican party. Johnson’s policy toward the south was held to be too lenient by Congress, which passed what are known as the reconstruction measures over his veto. There was a great deal of ill-feeling; the president was accused of being disloyal; and his removal of Secretary Stanton from the department of war brought on the crisis. Charged with violation of the tenure-of-office act, the president was impeached, but was acquitted. Mr. Johnson was chosen a United States senator in 1875, but died in Tennessee on July 31. See his Life by Savage.
Image: ANDREW JOHNSON
