McKinley opposing and Mr. Bryan favoring. The first year of his administration was marked by the stirring events and diplomatic steps which led to the intervention of the United States on behalf of the oppressed Cubans. Early in the second year war with Spain was declared (April 20, 1898). An army of 200,000 men was called out, and speedily organized and equipped, and the battles of the war were fought, beginning with the naval victory in Manila Bay, May 1st, and closing with the surrender of the Spanish army at Santiago, July 14th. By subsequent treaty Spain ceded to the United States Porto Rico and the Philippine Islands. A revolt of the Filipinos under Aguinaldo led to a protracted struggle which was not ended when the campaign for the succeeding presidential election occurred in 1900, and naturally this election turned largely upon the causes, conduct and results of the war. Mr. McKinley was again elected, a second time defeating Mr. Bryan, who again was the nominee of the Democratic party. Meantime the United States had taken a prominent part in the capture of Tien-tsin and Peking, China, relieving the legations without a declaration of war. The struggle in the Philippines was brought to a close early the next year and military rule was superseded by the establishment of civil government on July 4, 1901. In meeting the grave questions which arose during a period fraught with events of far-reaching importance to the nation Mr. McKinley displayed high qualities as a statesman and political leader, and gained the esteem of men of all parties as a pure, able and patriotic executive. While attending the Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo, President McKinley was mortally wounded by an anarchist, Leon P. Czolgosz, during a public reception in the Temple of Music, Sept. 6, 1901. Czolgosz took his place in the line of those who were shaking hands with the president, and, as he presented his left hand, fired two shots from a pistol concealed in his right hand by a handkerchief. One shot was not serious, but the other proved fatal. Prompt and skillful surgical attention averted the dreaded result for a few days, but the end came on Sept. 14. The death of the beloved president and revered chief of the state, in such cruel circumstances, fell with instant and crushing effect upon the nation, and hushed to an awed silence its activities. Foreign sympathy for the country's loss was profound and widespread, for Mr. McKinley was held in high regard abroad, as he was widely, sincerely and deservedly loved at home. His painstaking and tireless devotion to the duties of the executive office, his patriotism which was above all personal ambition, his wise guidance of the nation through grave perils to a height of prosperity before unknown, the purity of his personal character, the warmth of his friendship and the courage and Christian resignation displayed in the closing hours of his life combine to give to William McKinley an honored place in the records of the nation. His body was taken to Washington, where an impressive funeral service was held in the rotunda of the capitol, and thence it was carried to Canton, Ohio, where burial occurred Sept. 19, 1901. A magnificent monument erected by popular subscription, now marks his resting place.
McKin'ney, Tex., county-seat of Collins County, is located in the black-land belt. Among its leading industries are cotton-gins, a cotton compress, flour and cotton oil mills, machine and repair shops. McKinney has good public schools, a business college and training school, several churches, electric service with Sherman and Dallas, two light-plants, waterworks and sewerage system and the service of two railroads. Population 8,000.
MacLar'en, Ian. (See Watson, John.)
Maclaren, John J., was born at Lachute, Quebec, July ist, 1842. He was educated at Victoria and McGill Universities. He practiced law at Montreal, 1867-84, and in Toronto, 1884-1902, when he was appointed justice of court of appeals. He has been regent of Victoria University since 1870, is vice-chancellor, and has been senator of Toronto University since 1891. He was secretary of the British and American joint commission under the treaty of 1863 from 1867 to 1870. He is the author of Bills, Notes and Cheques; Banks and Banking; and Roman Law in English Jurisprudence,
Maclure (mak-lur'}, William, the "father of American geology," was born at Ayr, Scotland, in 1763, but settled in the United States in 1796. In 1803 he went to Europe as one of the commissioners to adjust the claims of American citizens against France for losses of property sustained during the Revolution in that country. While in Europe he gave a great deal of attention to its geology, and on returning undertook a private geological survey of the United States. He visited nearly every state and territory, crossing the Allegheny Mountains many times on foot. At Philadelphia he long was president of the Academy of Natural Sciences. He died near Mexico in 1840.
McMahon (mak'ma-dnr), Count Marie Ed me Patrice Maurice, ex-president of the French republic, was born at Sully, near Autun, Nov. 28, 1808. Entering the army at an early age, he saw active service in Algeria, especially distinguishing himself at the storming of Constantino in 1837. He commanded the division that stormed the Malakoff at Sebastopol during the Crimean War, and in the Italian campaign of 1859 was created a marshal of France for the decisive part he took in the battle of Ma-
