and cigars, in agricultural implements, furniture and carriages, besides its extensive slaughtering and meat-packing products. The city has a large German population, which is seen in the many foreign signs met with and also in the high development of art and music in city circles. The town was settled in 1818, organized as a village in 1837, and became a city in 1845. It enjoys a steady and substantial growth, and its financial credit is of the highest. The assessed value of the city's entire taxable property in 1912 was over $450,000,000. Milwaukee is served by the “Soo” line, the Chicago and Northwestern and the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul road. It also has a large lake-trade. Population 373,857.
Mim′icry, the imitative resemblance of one animal to another or to some inanimate object for which it may be mistaken. This is also called protective resemblance, inasmuch as animals escape notice through this form of imitation and are protected from their enemies. A wide range of cases occurs in nature. Certain insects resemble leaves, others twigs and knots. Animals of the desert have a color merging into their surroundings; many animals, like lizards, adapt their colors to their surroundings and so escape observation. Color resemblance is also carried further. Certain butterflies and caterpillars are not eaten by birds on account of their unpleasant taste. The birds learn to distinguish them by their bright “warning” colors and to leave them alone. Others forms, without noxious taste, imitate these colors and escape. A harmless animal sometimes imitates a stinging or poisonous one and is shunned. The animals protected in these various ways are, as a rule, unconscious of their imitation. Protective mimicry may be an important factor in the preservation of species. See Poulton's The Colors of Animals.
Mindanao (mḗn′dȧ-nä′ṓ), the most southeastern of the Philippine Islands, next in size to Luzon, containing, it is estimated, 37,000 square miles. The population of that portion under Spanish domination was given by the last census made under the Spaniards as a little over 200,000. The population now ascertained is 499,634, of whom nearly 253,000 are uncivilized. The surface is broken into high mountains, reaching in the case of Apo, a volcano near Davao Gulf, an altitude of over 10,000 feet. The wet and the dry season shift from one side of the island to the other according to the direction of the prevailing winds. The island is densely wooded with timber of great value, and the tropical fauna is varied and abundant. The inhabitants are greatly divided in origin, temperament and religion. The interior is held by wild tribes of Malayan race or by the small, black Negritos with whom they have intermarried. The Jesuits, who knew most about the island before the American occupancy, divided the people into 24 distinct tribes, of whom 17 were pagan, six Mohammedan (Moro) and the remainder Christian Visayans, who came from the north. The warlike Moros are most dreaded, and, living along the frequented coasts, have held command of all important points. The rivers are larger and longer than those of Luzon, the Butan practically traversing the whole island from south to north. The soil is wonderfully productive. Gold is believed to exist in the mountains. The capital is Zamboanga, a large, clean city, with a pier extending into moderately deep water. This island was the first of the group to be discovered by Magellan in 1521.
Mindoro (mḗn-dō′rṓ), one of the Philippine Islands, containing, it is estimated, about 4,050 square miles. It lies directly south of Manila Bay, having for its capital Calapan, 120 miles from Manila. It formerly was inhabited by the Tagalogs, but various expeditions of the Moros greatly reduced the native population. Others died from cholera and fever some years ago, when an epidemic among their herds carried off all their buffaloes and rendered cultivation of the soil impossible. The once rich rice-fields have for the most part gone back to tropical wilderness. In the interior are mountains rising 8,000 feet. The native races in these mountain fastnesses are greatly distrusted by those nearer the coasts. The population is supposed to be in the neighborhood of 28,000; but dread of the Sulus has kept the native races so far from the sea that but little is really known about them.
Min′eral Oil. See Petro′leum.
Min′eral′′ogy, the science which treats of minerals, does not embrace all that relates to the mineral kingdom. Simple minerals alone are regarded as the subjects of mineralogy; rocks, formed by the aggregation of simple minerals, and their relations to each other are the subjects of petrology (the science of rocks) and geology. Mineralogy considers the composition, structure, formation and classification of minerals. Physical Mineralogy embraces the outside form (generally shown by crystallization) of minerals and the other physical characteristics of each of the different species, as specific gravity (relative weight), luster, hardness, fusibility, optical properties and color. The latter usually is variable, and hence not characteristic of a mineral. Chemical Mineralogy considers the character of minerals as chemical compounds, embracing also methods of using chemical tests as an aid in this determination. Descriptive Mineralogy shows the classification of minerals and a description of the various species and their varieties as found in nature.
