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ing Tiberias he was made prince of the city. He defended Antioch against great odds, whose governor (his cousin Bohemend) had left to raise recruits in the west. Tancred carried his arms as far as Tripoli, and succeeded in driving the Saracens out of Syria. He died at Antioch in 1112. He is one of the leading heroes of Tasso's famous poem of Jerusalem Delivered. Taney (ta̤'nĭ), Roger Brooke, chief-justice of the United States, was born in Calvert County, Md., March 17, 1777. He graduated at Dickinson College, Pennsylvania, studied law, and took part in politics as a Federalist. He afterwards became a Jackson Democrat, and was made attorney-general in President Jackson's cabinet in 1831. Two years later he was appointed secretary of the treasury, as his chief knew that he could be depended upon to remove the government deposits from the United States Bank to local banks, the refusal to do which had caused the dismissal of Secretary Duane. Taney succeeded the great Marshall as chief-justice of the supreme court in 1837. His most famous decision was that in the Dred-Scott case in 1857, in which Scott, a negro, brought suit to gain his freedom on the ground of his having been carried by his master from the slave-state of Missouri into free territory. The decision, denying the right of citizenship to negroes and the authority of Congress to keep slavery out of the territories, caused greater excitement throughout the country than any decision of the supreme court before or since. Chief-Justice Taney died at Washington, D, C., Oct. 12, 1864. See Life by Prof. Samuel Tyler. Tanganyika (tän-gän-yē' kä), meaning the meeting place of waters, is the name of a great Central African lake discovered by Burton and Speke in 1858. It lies south of Lakes Albert Edward and Albert and northwest of Lake Nyasa; is about 400 miles long and from 10 to 60 wide; and is about 2,700 feet above the ocean. A wide bay at the southern end was named Lake Liemba by Livingstone. The eastern coast is hilly, and the western coast mountainous and covered with forests. There are many small rivers flowing into it, and the Lukuga flows from it into the Kongo. Ujiji, where Stanley found Livingstone, is the principal town on the lake. Telegraph lines now run through the Nyasan protectorate to Tanganyika. Tangier (tȧn-jēr′), a seaport of Morocco near the western entrance of the Strait of Gibraltar, is built on high ground and is defended by forts. It is the principal center of commerce in Morocco, has important trade with Europe, doing a foreign business of $4,000,000 yearly, and is the residence of consuls and the diplomatic corps sent to Morocco. Tangier, once called Tangis, is an old city, and is thought to have been

founded by the Carthaginians. It became the capital of a Roman province, was held by the Portuguese for nearly two centuries, and in 1662 was presented to Charles II of England as part of the dowry of Catherine of Braganza. England held it for 22 years. In 1844 it was bombarded by the French. Population about 35,000. Tanjore (tăn-jōr′), an Indian city, 180 miles southwest of Madras. There are two strong forts; in the larger one is the rajah's palace, in the smaller, one of the finest of Indian pagodas. Silk, muslin and cotton cloths are manufactured. Tanjore was first the capital of a Hindu state of the same name, which was conquered by the Mahrattas, and fell into the hands of the British about 1800. Population 57,870. Tannhäuser (tän′hoi-zẽr), a famous knight of the middle ages, who, according to the German legend, goes to Venusberg and enters the cave-palace to behold the wonders of Lady Venus and her court. Conscience-smitten at the life of careless pleasure he lives here, he betakes himself to Rome to crave forgiveness of the pope. The pope, however, holding a wand in his hand tells Tannhäuser that he can as little get God's forgiveness as that dry wand can become green again. In despair the knight goes back to Lady Venus in the mountain. But three days afterwards the wand begins to sprout and bears green leaves, and the pope at once sends messengers to every country, but in vain — Tannhäuser can nowhere be found. Such is the story as told in the popular ballad once sung all over Germany. On this saga Wagner based his well-known opera of Tannhäuser. Tannhäuser and the Singers' Contest at the Wartburg is the title of a music drama by Richard Wagner, who wrote both words and music. First performed at Dresden, Oct. 20, 1845. The conception of the opera occurred during a visit of Wagner to the castle of Wartburg, in the Thuringian Valley, in the spring of 1842. The castle was the traditional scene of the contests between the minnesinger and the knightly poets, whom the landgraves of the 13th century assembled for tournaments of song. Schumann mentions the opera as one “which cannot be spoken of briefly,” adding that “it certainly has an appearance of genius.” Tan′nin or Tan′nic Ac′id is of great importance in tanning leather. The chief source of tannin is oak-bark, though in America hemlock-bark is much used, while the mimosa or wattle-barks of Australia are important. However, tannin is found in the bark and leaves of most forest-trees, as the elm, willow, horse-chestnut, and pine, and in many fruit-trees as the pear and plum. Coffee, tea and, especially, Paraguay tea also contain tannin.