sporangium produces just four spores. See Rhodophyceæ.
Teu′tones, a tribe of ancient Germany living on the Baltic Sea. They were a powerful tribe, and with their neighbors, the Cimbri, invaded the Roman republic near the close of the 2d century B. C., and were almost destroyed by Marius (102 B. C.) The name is now given to all ancient German races.
Tex′arkan′a, Ark., and Tex., two neighboring cities on the boundary between Arkansas and Texas, one in Bowie County, Tex., the other in Millie County, Ark., on the Texas and Pacific; St. Louis, Iron Mt. and Southern; Kans. City, Pittsburg and Gulf; and St. Louis Southwestern railways, 64 miles north northwest of Shreveport, La., and 145 southwest of Little Rock, Ark. The two cities, though adjoining and on the same railroads, have distinct municipal governments, and each has a large trade in cotton, cottonseed-oil, sewer-piping and lumber. The industrial plants of the combined cities embrace railway-shops, furniture and pottery works and lumber-mills. The local post-office is on the state-line between the two towns, while there are two city-halls and public offices, and each has its own school organizations. Combined population 15,405.
Tex′as, the largest state in the Union, is four times as large as New England, larger than France, Germany or Austria, and equal to six New Yorks or seven Ohios. Its greatest length is 825 miles; its greatest breadth 740: and its area 265,780 square miles. If the whole population of the American republic were to be carried to Texas, it would be no more densely settled than Massachusetts is now. Population 3,896,542.
Topography. The coast is 375 miles long, in the shape of a crescent, fronted by lines of long islands of white sand, with the Gulf of Mexico on one side and deep and navigable bayous and lagoons on the other, reaching up among the cotton and sugar plantations. There are only four harbors with lighthouses in this long stretch of coast; the United States government has spent many millions in building jetties at Galveston, Sabine Pass, Aransas Pass and other places. In the southwest Padre Island runs northward from the mouth of the Rio Grande for 100 miles; and inside it (between Padre Island and the Texas coast) is Laguna de Madre, 90 miles long and eight wide. This lagoon is so salt that fish die on entering it, and on its shores lie the deposits which furnish most of the salt used in Texas. Most of the Texan rivers fall into the Gulf of Mexico, among them the Rio Grande, Brazos, Colorado, Sabine, Trinity, Nueces, San Antonio and Guadalupe. Three rivers form parts of the state's boundary—the Rio Grande, Red and Sabine. The main branch of the Rio Grande is the Pecos. Between the Rio Pecos and the Rio Grande are the Guadalupe, Charrote and other mountains, in whose valleys the rivers die and vanish and the bitter salt-lakes are the only water.
Resources. The resources are numerous, and vary in the different sections. Inland from the coastal plains stretch the midlands, some 200 miles wide. The region called eastern Texas, from 96° W. to Louisiana, covers 50,000 miles, with great forests of pine, oak, cypress, magnolia etc. The rich black prairies reach from Laredo to Denison, a belt from 30 to 60 miles wide. Western Texas lies between Colorado and Nueces Rivers, a bare rolling-prairie of 50,000 square miles, mainly occupied by cattle and sheep ranches. Much like it is southwestern Texas, a tract of 30,000 square miles, between the Nueces, the Rio Grande and the Rio Pecos. The Pan-Handle lies between Oklahoma and New Mexico, mainly north of Prairie-Dog-Town River, with 27,000 square miles of land. It is a plain from 2,500 to 4,000 feet high, with some good soil but little water. The staked plain, which enters from New Mexico, is a waterless, grassy table-land. There are famous gold and silver mines beyond the Pecos. The deposits of building-stone contain marble, granite, soapstone and limestone. Coal, copper, salt, gypsum, lignite, cinnabar, sulphur, iron and asphalt are found. Mineral springs exist in several sections, those of Mineral Wells and Sulphur Texas being best known at present. The state has excellent oyster and other fisheries, and petroleum and natural gas are found.
Occupations. Much iron-ore is mined in eastern Texas, and the coal-mines of the state, though not extensively operated, yield over 1,000,000 tons annually. Salt, silver and gold are also mined, and yellow-pine lumber is cut from the eastern forests, as well as ash, gum, oak etc. Building-stone and cinnabar are quarried, and petroleum produced to the extent of 12,567,897 bbls. annually. Farming and ranching occupy many of the people, and beef, cotton, wool, cotton-seed, hides, corn, oats, wheat, sugar, rice, tobacco, vegetables and fruits are grown. Texas leads all states in the production of cotton, and as a rice-producer is second only to Louisiana. There is a great livestock industry, including cattle, horses, mules and swine. The wool-clip is very valuable. Manufactures are young, but there are over 5,000 specified manufacturing establishments. These include flour, cottonseed-oil and cake, meat-packing, oil-refining, cigar and tobacco factories, clay-products, foundry and machine work, rice-cleaning, brewing, saddlery and railway-cars.
Education. The Texas school-fund is worth $83,000,000, and in 1910 889,631 children attended the public schools, and
