in a large, hardwood tree. The lower branches had been removed; the house, which was 70 to 80 feet above the ground, was very commodious and substantial, being 26 by 18 feet, with a ridge-pole ten feet above the floor. The structure was firmly fastened. Ascent was made by means of a slender, rattan ladder, swung from the house to the ground. A supply of stones was kept in the house to drive away the enemy if they should attempt to cut down the great tree.
Trench, Richard Chenevix, an Irish clergyman and writer, was born at Dublin, Sept. 9, 1807. He studied at Cambridge, and, after traveling a few years, became a country curate; then a theological professor in King's College, London; next, dean of Westminster; and, finally, archbishop of Dublin. His principal writings are Notes on the Miracles, Notes on the Parables, Lessons, Proverbs, Synonyms of the New Testament, Deficiencies in our English Dictionaries and The Study of Words. He helped (1870-81) to revise the King James' version of the New Testament. He died at London, March 28, 1886.
Tren′ton, N. J., capital of New Jersey and county-seat of Mercer County, on Delaware River, 33 miles from Philadelphia and 59 miles from New York City. It is served by the Delaware and Raritan Canal and Pennsylvania and Reading railways, and has trolley-connections with Philadelphia, New York and the principal cities of New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania. It was settled in 1680, named in 1714 after William Trent who owned the site, and became the capital in 1790. Trenton was the scene of a battle, by some authorities considered the turning-point in the Revolutionary War, on Dec. 26th, 1776, when Washington crossed the Delaware, surprised the Hessians, and took over one thousand prisoners. The state-buildings include the capitol, asylum for the insane, reform-school for girls, prison, arsenal, armory, library and museum, normal-school and school for the deaf. Other prominent public buildings are the public library with 40,000 volumes, Federal court and post-office, city-hall, court-house, three hospitals, 48 churches and 30 public schools. There also are seven parochial schools, three business colleges, St. Francis College and a number of private schools. Among the most interesting historical buildings is the old French-and-Indian barracks, built in 1758. Battle Monument, 150 feet high, marks the position of the artillery under Col. Knox and Captain Alexander Hamilton at the opening of the Battle of Trenton. The leading industry is the manufacture of pottery. There are 36 potteries in the city. They manufacture all classes and grades of ware, from the commonest to the finest porcelain and china. More than half of all the pottery made in the United States is made in Trenton. The principal industrial plant is the iron-works and wire-mills of the J. A. Roebling Sons Co. (builders of the first bridge connecting Brooklyn and New York.) John A. Roebling, the founder of the company, was the engineer who designed the first important suspension-bridge in America, that over Niagara River. There are numerous other manufactories of iron and steel, structural iron, cables, chains, wire-cloth and netting, anvils, vises, iron and brass castings, engines and machinery. There are many brick and tile works, rubber-works, oil-cloth and linoleum factories, furniture-factories, rpring-bed and mattress factories, woolen mills, breweries and cigar-factories. The various industries employ about 19,000 men. Population. 96,815.
Trian′gula′tion, a branch of surveying and geodesy, in which the positions of points on the earth's surface are determined by measuring with great accuracy a baseline and then constructing triangles on this. By measuring the angles and knowing the base line, the other distances become a matter of trigonometrical calculation. In connection with the survey of the United States being made by the coast and geodetic survey, a series of such triangles extending across the country has been fixed with great accuracy. The exact shape of the earth is determined from such triangulation in connection with astronomical observations of latitude and longitude.
Trib′unes, Roman, were popular magistrates elected annually from among the plebs, Romans not of noble birth, to safeguard popular interests. According to tradition the right of election of tribunes was wrested by the plebeians from the patricians in B. C. 494 by the device of a secession. The rights and powers of the tribunes gradually increased. From the first they had the right of protecting accused plebeians; and their persons were inviolable. Their principal acquired power was that of veto of a proposed law. The tribunes had by the time of the Gracchi become serious rivals of the consuls, the chief magistrates. Their number was increased to as many as ten; so that in politics any one of ten officials might obstruct legislation. As in the case of the Gracchi, the tribunician power was often over-ridden and was finally usurped by Octavian when he became emperor under the title of Augustus. In addition to these tribunes of the people there were officers in the Roman army with the title of tribune. The name in this sense originally meant an officer of the tribe; and may be traced back to the ancient tribal organisation of the Roman army. There were six military tribunes in each legion, at first chosen by the consuls, but afterwards elected in the assembly of the tribes. Their powers were wholly military, not political.
