THE STUDENTS MANUAL
II. MORPHOLOGY.
1. THE CELL: the unit of structure 355.
a Cellulose: cell-wall 357.
b Protoplasm: the living substance of the cell 1554.
c Karyokinesis: cell division 993; as in diatoms 527; and nostoe 492. (1) Meristem or formative tissue 1207.
(1) The nucleus 1365.
(2) The cytoplasm
493.
2. THE SPORES: special cells for reproduction 1803.
b Asexual spore:
— formed b y cell division 117.
c Sexual spore : formed by union of cells 1730.
a The Archesporium: which sets apart certain cells for reproduction 91.
(1) The sporangium: in
which the spores are formed 1803.
(2) The tetrad forma-
tion: four sister spores 1894.
(1) The gametes: or
sexual cells 735.
(2) The antheridium:
or male organ 78.
(3) The archegonium:
or female organ 91.
(4) The sperm: the
male cell 1796.
(5) The oosphere: the
female cell 1385.
(6) The oospore: or fer-
tilized egg 1385.
3. ALTERNATION OF GENERATION: 55.
d, Heterospory: in which the gametes are unlike 871.
fa. Gametophytes: the generation producing sex-organs 55; apogamy 83.
b. Sporophytes: the generation producing asex-
ual spores 1804; apospory 83.
c. Homospory: in which the gametes are alike
883.
(1) Microspores: pro-
ducing male ga-metophyte 1221; microsporangium 1221.
(2) Megaspores: pro-
ducing a female g a m e t o p h y te 1199; megaspo-rangium 1199.
4. THE SEEDS: which produce the flowering plants 1718.
(1) The testa: or hard coat upon which hairs and wings grow 1894.
{(a) Cotyledons: the first leaves developed 465. (b) Hypocotyl: the stem-like portion beneath 907.
(3) The endosperm: food tissue within em-
bryosac 614.
(4) The perlsperm: food tissue outside embry-
osac 1452.
2268
a. Parts of the seed:
