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330 CHAELES S. MYERS : more each doctrine must borrow from the other, until this unifying process has become so complete as to make it impossible to decide whether a mechanical or vitalistic description is in force. Also from the individual standpoint of the Inquirer, the necessity for the retention of the expression " vital principle " is no less obvious. Although objectively he may deny to consciousness the existence of some inner connexion, marked by necessity and universality (29, 30), and may describe the distinction of Self and Not-self in terms of an ever- running stream of sensations amid " the perpetual flux of nature," yet ultimately his purely subjective standpoint must force him to the recognition of the Ego. The subject is far too vast and intricate to find treatment here. It has been fully elaborated by Ward, who thus summarises the argument: "If a series of feelings is what is known or presented, then what knows, or what is presented to, cannot loe that series of feelings." (31). This line of reason must be generally applicable to the sentient world, if the gradual evolution of consciousness be not denied. And to the ques- tion, ical ri TTOT earl rb evairoiovv ; the reply must surely be something not undeserving of the expression, " vital principle ". REFERENCES. 1. Pre-Socratic Philosophy, E. Zeller, Eng. trans. (London, 1881). 2. Plato and the Older Academy, E. Zeller, Eng. trans. (London, 1876). 3. Dn Principe Vital ft de I' Ante. Pensante, Fr. Bouillier (Paris, 1862). 4. Elements of Physiology, Johannes Miiller, Eng. trans. (London, 1837). 5. Kritische Geschifhie dcr allg. Principien der Mechanik, E. Diihring (Berlin, 1873;. 6. Kraft und Stuff, F. C. C. Ludwig Biiehner, Eng. trans. (London, 1870). 7. Anthropogenie, Ernst Hackel (Leipzig, 1874). 8. History of Philosophy, G. H. Lewes (London, 1880). 9. La Science Experimentale, Claude Bernard (Paris, 1878). 10. Handwiirterbuch der Physiologie, Rud. Wagner (Braunschweig, 1842). 11. Die Metaphysik in der modernen Physiologie, C. Hauptinann (Dresden, '1892). 12. "Empirie und Transcendenz," Rud. Virchow (Virchoir's Archiv, vii., 1854). 13. "Der alte und neue Vitalisnius," Rud. Virchow (Virchow' s Ar<-hii; ix., 1856). 14. Protoplasm: or Matter and Life, Lionel S. Beale (London, 1874 . 15. The Grammar of Science, Karl Pearson (London, 1892). 16. Lectures on Human and Animal Psychology, Wilhelm Wnndt. Eng. trans. (London, 1894).