iv. (1) Ml. W. amygaf ‘I defend’: 3rd sg. pres. ind. amwc b.t. 29; v.n. amwyn.
am-w͡yn seems to mean literally ‘fight for’, since it is followed by â ‘with’; as amwyn y gorflwch hwn a mi w.m. 122 ‘to fight for this goblet with me’; amvin ae elin terwin guinet b.b. 57 ‘to fight with his enemy for the border of Gwynedd’.
(2) Perf. sg. 3. amuc b.b. 39, b.a. 12, neu‑s amuc ae wayw b.a. 11 ‘defended him with his spear’. There is also a form amwyth used intransitively, and therefore prob. a middle form like aeth; as pan amwyth ae alon yn Llech Wen b.t. 57 ‘when he contended with his foes at LI. W.’—Plup. sg. 3. amucsei r.p. 1044.
(3) am-wg < *m̥bi-(p)uk‑, √peuk̑‑: Lat. pugna, pugil, Gk. πύκτης, πυγμάχος, O.E. feohtan, E. fight.—The perf. amuc with ‑uc < *‑pōuke, like duc § 181 ii (2). The form amwyth prob. represents *amb(i)uktos ’st; as it has the R-grade of the root, it cannot be a root-aorist. The v.n. has ‑no- suffix § 203 iv (3).—See also § 54 i (1).
The perf. has not been preserved in gorchfygaf ‘I conquer’, Ml. W. gorchyfygaf § 44 ii < *uper-kom-puk̑‑.
v. (1) clywaf ‘I hear’: 3rd sg. pres. ind. clyw w.m. 54; v.n. Ml. W. clybot w.m. 474, clywet G.Y.C. (anno 1282) r.p. 1417, Mn. W. clywed.
(2) Perf. sg. 1. cigleu w.m. 36, 83 = r.m. 23, 60, r.m. 129, b.t. 33; ciglef r.m. 130, 168, w.m. 408, 423 = r.m. 262, 274, c.m. 46, 48; sg. 3. cigleu w.m. 144 = r.m. 214, c.m. 50, s.g. 10, 11, etc. The rest of the tense is made up of aor. forms: sg. 2. clyweist w.m. 230, r.m. 168; pl. 3. clywssont w.m. 33, r.m. 22; impers. clywysbwyt Ỻ.A. 117, clywspwyt s.g. 246.
In Early Mn. W. the 1st sg. ciglef survived in poetry, see ex., and I.G. 338. But the ordinary Mn. form is clywais D.G. 81. Similarly the 3rd sg. cigleu is replaced by clywodd Luc xiv 15; thus the tense became a regular aor. There is also a Late Ml. and Mn. 3rd sg. clỿbu s.g. 362, Ex. ii 15, and impers. clybū́w͡yd Matt. ii 18 beside clyw͡yd Ps. Ixxvii 18.
- Doe ym mherigl y ciglef
- Ynglyn aur angel o nef.—D.G. 124.
‘Yesterday in danger I heard the golden englyn of an angel from heaven.’
(3) In Early Mn. W. a 2nd sg. impv. degle is found, e.g. G.Gl.
