keep ', E. heed, Lat. cassis ; galw ' to call ' < *gal-uen, Vgal- : Lat. gallus, E. call. For two of these v.n.'s, by-w and mar-w, no verbs were formed 204 ii.
Though the classes remained distinct, a v.n. of one class was liable to pass over to the other; thus merwi P 12/1 24 R. 'to die'. From Brit. *lanos (<*p|ru)-s 63 vii(2)) 'full', a v.n. *lan-uen would give *llawnw, from which may come Uanw E.M. 94, llenwi W.M. 23, R.M. 15, llewni R.M. 175. arddelw (now arddel) for arddelwi.
Stems ending in -aw are similarly divided : suffixless adaw 201 ii (2), gwrandaw do. i (8), taraw i (2) above ; with -i, tewi, distewi only (taraw having gone over to the other class). D.G. uses distawu 165, andMn.W. croesawafhas croesawu.
(2) stems having oe or o, whether the latter be original o or a mutation of aw ; thus oedi, troelli, oeri, poethi ; ttonni from llonn ' merry ', cronni from crawn { hoard ' ; torri, cyflogi, arfogi.
Some stems having o take no suffix, as dangos, anfon, adrodd i (i). Ml. W. ccgori W.M. 59, 60, R.M. 42, A.L. i 498, D.G. 134, Can. v 5 is later agaryd M.K. [30], Dat. iii 20, or agor M.K. [32], B.cw. 56 (agori R.M. 174 with punctum delens, 1 late).
(3) some stems having a, which is affected to e ; as ercki, vb. arcAaf; peri, vb. paraf\ senffi, vb. sangaf\ perchi, vb. parckaf; (fefni, vb. dafnaf.
mynegi, Ml. W. menegi, and trengi are stems with a ; in Ml. and Early Mn. W. the verbs are managafsuid trangaf; but in Late Mn. W. the e of the v.n. has intruded into the vb., and mynegaf, trengaf are the usual forms. In B.B. 8 delli (II ≡ l-T) occurs for the usual daly, dala iv (i). defni is also an abstr. noun ' dropping ' Diar. xix 13, xxvii 15 ; and is often taken for a pi. ofdqfii e.g. I.MSS. 232 ; v.n. defni IL.A. 23.
203. Verbal nouns are also formed by means of other suffixes, as follows :
i. (1) -aeth in marchogaeth 201 iii (4) (6), and Early Ml. W. gwasanaeth 'to attend, serve', later gwasanaethu.
Ef a 8ety guassanayth ar e vre[nhines] . . . Ny 8ely ef eyste, . . . namyn guasanayth oy sevyll B.CH. 22 ' He is to attend on the queen. He is not to sit but to serve standing*. In both these examples Aneurin Owen prints guas(s)anaythu A.L. i 54, 56. In 60 he gives guasanaeth correctly, with -u as the reading of MSS. C.D.E. In Late Ml. W. gwassanaethu R.M. 174 is the form used. See 201 ii (i).
-aeth became an abstr. noun suffix 143 iii (2). Thus a lost verb *hir-hd-af ' I long ' had a v.n. hiraeth ' *to long ' which came to mean ' longing ' ; from this was formed the denom. hiraethaf ' I long ' with v.n. hiraethu ' to long *.
