198
' NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. x. SEPT. 5, MOB.
"HOVELLING" (10 S. x. 125). The custom
is evidently understood in more senses than
that to which attention is directed by Q. V.
In the Sussex dialect " hovelers " are " men
who go out to sea in boats for the purpose
of meeting homeward-bound vessels, and
engaging with the captain to unload them
when they enter the harbour" ('Diet, of
Sussex Dialect,' by the Rev. W. D. Parish,
1875, p. 59).
In a " turnover " in The Globe for 2 Aug., 1905, entitled ' Hovelling,' an epitaph to a hoveller in Deal Churchyard is quoted : Full many lives he saved with his undaunted crew ; He put his trust in Providence, and cared not how it blew.
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
I have not present access to the 'N.E.D.,' but am much surprised that the true, and still current, meaning of the above is not generally known. The ' ' general reader" must have come across its explanation in any guide-book to the east coast of Kent, or in notices of Deal in the daily press and elsewhere. " Hovellers " is duly recorded, as a Kentish expression, in that common, but sound work Halliwell's ' Dictionary.'
H. P. L.
[The ' N.E.D.' has hovel er in the senses of pilot, ship plunderer, and a boatman who assists ships, and gives quotations ranging from Falconer (1769) to The Daily News of 1884.]
THE DOUBLE-HEADED EAGLE (10 S. ix. 350 ; x. 153). Mr. Baring-Gould in his 'Germany' (p. 119) gives the following account :
"When he [i.e., Conrad III., who died in 1152] was at Constantinople he saw that the Byzantine emperor bore on his imperial standards a two- headed eagle to represent the double empire, East and West, which had for a while been united under Constantine and his successors. Conrad was struck with the idea, and when he came home he assunied the double-headed eagle as the arms of his empires, and you will see it on the coins of both the Emperor of Germany and the Emperor of Austria at the present day. There is a story told but it is, of course, only a story that one of the grand dukes of Austria was out shooting in the Tyrol some years ago, and the huntsman with him brought down an eagle. When the grand duke pickod it up, ' Why,' said he, ' what a queer eagle ! It has only one head ! ' He had seen the imperial eagle all his life on banners and coins, and thought all eagles had two necks and heads."
LAWRENCE PHILLIPS.
In a coloured plate in Ormerod's ' History of Cheshire ' the figure of Earl Leofric bears the device of a double-headed eagle. The double-headed eagle is also displayed in the arms of the ancient Shropshire family of Mytton. A. H. D.
" CADEY " (10 S. x. 147). This word has
long been in common use in Australia as
a slang name for hat. It is spelt indif-
ferently " cadey " or " cady." Prof. Morris
in his ' Austral-English ' spells it " caddie,"
but I have never seen it in that form in the
Australian newspapers. According to Prof.
Morris, the word is " a bush name for the
slouch-hat or wide-awake. In the Australian
bush the brim is generally turned down
at the back, and sometimes all round."
Evidently the word started with the bush
hat, and gradually became identified with
any form of Australian hat. Its transmis-
sion from Australia to England would be
an easy process. J.j^F. HOGAN.
Royal Colonial Institute,
Northumberland Avenue.
" Cadey " figures in the ' E.D.D.' as simply " a hat." It is said to be used in Scotland, Northumberland, Lancashire, Warwickshire, and by the speaker of slang. Reference is made to 4 S. iii. 406 for " a cady or straw cady." ST. S WITHIN.
In Barrere and Leland's ' Dictionary of Slang,' 1897, this is said to be "a hat, from an old style resembling a barrel," " cadi " being provincial English for a barrel or small cask. But may it not be that this kind of hat, presumably in the first place a " tall " hat, was originally worn either by a " cadi," or magistrate, or by the army cadet, who was phonetically known as a " cadee " ? J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.
MATTHEW AUNOLD ON PIGEONS (10 S. x. 149). In his work on the Pentateuch Colenso raises difficulty about Lev. xii. 8, and asks : " Where could they have obtained these 250 ' turtledoves or young pigeons ' daily, that is, 90,000 annually, in the wilderness ? " With regard to Lev. x. 16-20 he says : " The very pigeons, to be brought as sin-offerings for the birth of children, would have averaged, according to the story, 264 a day ; and each priest would have had to eat daily 88 for his own portion ! "
If these passages were in Arnold's mind he would seem to have had only a confused recollection of the figures. F. JAKRATT.
"WHIPPING THE CAT" (10 S. ix. 5, 317, 494). ' Gentleman's Magazine Library : Manners and Customs,' p. 258, has an account of the custom of " Whipping the cat " at Albrighton, Salop, extracted from Gent. Mag., 1807, part ii. pp. 1192-3; 1808, part i. pp. 411-12. E. GANDY.
Inland Revenue, Aberayron.
