6
NOTES AND QUERIES. [i<_> s. n. JULY i,
numbered, and issuing streets or passages
identified. A map of the immediate neigh-
bourhood fills in one margin of the plate, and
a small finished engraving of some business
premises completes the other.
The principal purpose of the undertaking was to establish a Panoramic Directory based on a survey annually revised, with a large revenue from advertisements on account of the novel publicity it afforded. This took several forms. The finished marginal engraving was probably the most esteemed, and examples were utilized as labels, and as illustrations on commercial stationery. The sectional street directory, printed on the -cover, identified every house or place of business ; names could be printed in larger type, and in the panoramas some of the premises are fully identified by both name and purpose. The proportion of these exceptional considerations in each issue in- dicates the relative success of the publisher's enterprise ; and by examining some of the later issues illustrating suburban thorough- fares it will be understood why the project failed.
Sections of the views were printed as notepaper headings for local sale and use. The scheme was, I am informed, also tried at Birmingham, Newcastle, and other places, but the cost was too great or the idea too advanced for its times. It failed, and Tallis v lost considerably more than 1,0001., which the survey of London alone involved.
I have in my collection six pen-and-ink drawings said to be the originals for the Fleet Street panoramas. I prefer to con- sider them drawings elaborated from the publication, as they are more finished than the engravings, and there is displayed some desire to make an artistic presentment of the street. It is possible that these sketches were made to be engraved as a more elaborate survey, a development of the marginal engraving already referred to. Some reissue of the successful sections was -attempted, as enlarged panoramas exist, but .they are uncommon, and bear no relationship to these drawings.
Of still greater topographical value is the ' Grand Architectural Panorama of London : Regent Street to Westminster Abbey,' published by Whitelaw of Fleet Street in 1849. This is of much greater width 4 in. as compared with 1 in., the size of Tallis's outline survey ; and the length nearly 25 ft. is remarkable. The whole is engraved on wood by G. C. Leighton " from original drawings made expressly for the -work by R. Sandeman, architect," and the
quality and detail of the work are admirable.
Except in the identifications of the different premises, there are no advertise- ments of the businesses in the thoroughfare shown, and even these only occur in the margins, and are not engraved in the view. Only one side of streets is illustrated, the foreground being filled by traffic, pedestrians, and a number of incidents not common to the thoroughfares to-day. For example, by Charles Street, Whitehall, there is a Jack-in-the-Green, with his accompanying sweeps, clown, milkmaids, &c. ; a flock of sheep is passing up Cockspur Street ; and near Vine Street a bull is being chased by dogs and a number of men and boys. Lower Regent Street is provided with street organs, German bands, pickpockets, drunken men, and mirabile dictu a railway carriage on a lorry hauled by a team of horses. The title of this interesting work, and the manner in which its cover is stamped, suggest that this is the first of a series, but I have not met with any others, and it may be inferred that the heavy cost crippled even this intention.
It is not necessary to describe Joseph Salway's survey of the Kennington Turn- pike, published by the London Topographical Society, 1906. Interesting panoramic views of parts of thoroughfares are provided in Mr. Kemp's 'Notes on Aldgate,' 1904; the view of Queen Anne's progress to St. Paul's, engraved by S. Virtue, 1715; and similar depictments of processions.
ALECK ABRAHAMS.
HEART - CHERRIES. After the common
cherries, the grafioun are now in the market ;
these are the hard-fleshed cherries, heart
shaped, with a groove down the flat side,
Fr. bigarreaux, Prov. grafioun durau, crussent,
hard-fleshed, that can be crunched ; cor de
galino, hen-hearts. In the English names of
these fleshy cherries, as distinguished from
the juicy kinds, a habit has arisen of hyphen-
ing " heart " with " black " or " white,"
instead of with " cherry," as if the fruit had
a black or a white heart. The ' X.E.D.' has
under ' Heart,' " something of the shape of
a heart," a quotation of " black-heart,"
" white-heart," also, under ' Black,' " black-
heart (for black heart-cherry) " ; but " heart-
cherry " is not given a place. The word has
been lost in the written name by the mis-
placed hyphen, in the spoken name by the
habit of stressing the colour instead of the
generic name " heart." So when asking
for these cherries we have to mention the
