NOTES AND QUERIES. [12 s. iv. JAH.. im
more fully met by the Jugendbrunnen
opposite the Bride's Door on the north side
of St. Lawrence's Church at Nuremberg.
This Fountain of the Virtues has six female
figures " welche aus ihren Briisten Wasser
spenden " (I quote from a guide-book),
and above them six boys are blowing
trumpets, from which also issue jets of
water. There must be many instances of
statues used as fountains. K. S.
I think there is at Nuremberg a lead or bronze figure of a boy which answers- H. K. ST. J. S.'s description. I cannot, however, find a description of it in Baedeker's ' South Germany ' which enables me to identify it. F. D. HARFORD.
THE CHIMNEY SWEEPER'S CLIMBING BOYS {12 S. iii. 347, 462). Members of the Society of Friends took much interest in the con- dition of boys employed in sweeping chimneys, and there is quite a body of Quaker literature on the subject preserved in this library.
Mrs. Ann Alexander of York wrote ' Facts relative to the State of Children who are employed as Climbing Boys,' 1817 ; and Dr. John Walker of London wrote a ' Letter to the Members of the Society formed for the Suppression of the Inhuman Practice of employing Young Children to sweep Chimneys,' 1828. James Montgomery, the poet (riot a Quaker), took an interest in the subject, as did Hannah Kilham, the Quaker missionary to West Africa.
Other information will be gladly given on application. NORMAN PENNEY.
Friends' Reference Library,
136 Bishopsgate, B.C.2.
In Act Book No. 10 of the Chamber of the Exeter Corporation (fol. 50) is the entrv on July 4, 1654:
" Mr. Henry Prigge is intreated by this house to write to a freind of his in London to get downe an able and fitt person for a chimney .-weeper to continue here ; and it is agreed that a pension of 31. per annum shalbe paid unto him quarterly for his honest and carefull service within this Citty."
E. LEGA-WEEKES.
. VAUGHN AND WELCH AS SURNAMES (12 S iii. 418, 457). The first of these is wel known in old documents as one of the abbreviated written forms of the surnam Vaughan. This surname is distinctly Welsh in origin, but English in form. It is an ol English effort to write the Welsh Fychan meaning " small " primarily, and secondarily in this connexion, " younger " or " junior,'
.nd even " inferior." It was used in Wales,
ong before regular surnames were vised, to
istinguish between men of the same Chris-
ian name, if one of them was in any respect
econdary as compared with the other. The
English form Vaughan has taken the place
>f the Welsh form Fychan altogether, and
t is a very common surname in Wales.
Welch or Welsh is of course English both n form and origin, though a family bearing t must have originally been of Welsh nationality, or thought to be so.
T. LLECHID JONES.
ST. CASSIAN AND ST. NICHOLAS (12 S. ii. 473). As to St. Cassian, or Cassyon. in ihe fourth century Bishop of Orta in North Africa, and subsequently of Autun, whose r estival was observed on Aug. 5, see Miss F. Arnold-Forster's ' Studies in Church De- dications,' vol. i. pp. 437-8 : " His one and only dedication in England is at Chaddesley- " ! orbett in Worcestershire."
There is a hamlet in the Abteithal in the Tyrol called St. Cassian or Armentarola. JOHN B WAINEWRIGHT.
SIGNBOARDS AND SHOP DEVICES (12 S. iii. 446, 517). There was a long article by Mr. M. H. Spielmann on the signs of London booksellers of Shakespeare's time in The Times Literary Supplement of Oct. 11 and Oct. 18, 1917, and Jan. 4, 1918.
DE V. PAYEN-PAYNE.
Two most interesting articles on ' Inn Signs and Brackets ' (July, 1894) and ' The Heraldry of Signs and Signboards ' (October, 1894) were published in The Reliquary for the months named.
WM. M. DODSON.
[MB. HOWARD S. PEARSON also thanked for reply.]
ARRESTING A CORPSE (12 S. iii. 444, 489). Among the items in my collection of Hertfordshire topography I find the follow- ing, which is, I believe, a cutting from The Gentleman's Magazine of June, 1784 :
" June 12. In the evening, as Sir Barnard Turner was riding to town from Tottenham, his horse took fright and threw him with such violence against the shafts of a chaise, that his left leg and thigh were much wounded by it .... He was conveyed home and was attended by three surgeons, but died early this morning."
" June 19. At noon the corpse of the late Sir Barnard Turner, Bart., was carried in great military pomp from his house at Paul's Wharf, for interment at Therfield, near Boyston in Hertfordshire. The procession was intended to have moved at ten o'clock, but the body having been arrested, it was detained near two hours
