128. V. MAY, 1919.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
131
FRENCH NATIONAL EMBLEM, THE Coc
(12 S. v. 94). The following extracts ma
help MR. LANDFEAR LUCAS.
The ' Nouveau Larousse Illustre,' unde heading " Coq. Hist.,"" says:
" Coq gaulois ou sirrplem. Cog. Tin de emblemes nationaux de la France : le Coq Gauloi a decore des drapeaux francais pendant la premier Revolution. En 1830, le Coq Gaxilois remplag la fleur de lis comme eirbleme national, et fu supprime de nouveau par Napoleon III."
Brrdy in * Clavis Calendaria ' (]
says :
" Cock Throwing. The meaning of the custom has been thus explained : In our wars wit France in former ages, our ingenious forefather invented this emblematical way of expressinj their derision of, and resentment towards, tha nation .... A cock has the misfortune to be calle in Latin by the same word which signifies { Frenchman .... It was introduced in the reigr of ovr third Edward ; the cock is always callei the Gallic bird, and consideredj'to be one of th emblems of France."
Littre in the ' Dictionnaire de la Langu< Franchise ' gives :
" Coq. Le choix de cet oiseau comme symboh de la ration f ran raise est de date recente (la premiere revolution, et surtout celle de 1830) il ne ppratt guere fonde que sur Thorn onymie latim de gallus, qui sigr.ifie a la fois coq et Gaulois."
ARCHIBALD SPARKE.
M. E. Sail lens in his c Fact ; about France
says :
" The Be volition, always bent on classica reminiscences, revived the old Roman pun gallus was the Latin for ' Gaul ' and for ' cock. So the cock was chosen as the national emblem . . . .Napoleon disdained the cock, ' who lives on dunghills,' he said, and adopted the eagle; an emblem of classical origin also, but savouring of Roman military, power, not of French farm-life, courage and vigilance. (' The eagle lives on carrion,' retorted the opponents of Napoleon.). . . . Louis-Philippe revived the democratic cock. . . r The Third Republic has a cock on its gold coins."
A. R. BAYLEY.
Does the origin of the French national emblem, the cock, not appear to be evident from the double sen-e and meaning of the Latin name, viz., Gallus, denoting both the cook ani the Gaul, i.e., the. ancient Celtic inhabitant of Gallia, or France t
H. K.
SUBMARINES (12 S. iii. 356, 397 ; iv. 112). Wang Kia, a Taoist priest of China (4th century A.D.), in his ' Shi-i-ki,' lib. iv., when referring to the reign of Shi-Hwang-ti of the Ts'in dynasty (221-210 B.C.), says : " The people of Yuen-ku arrived in China after making the voyage in the lo-chau [lit., "spiral- shell boat "], which was shaped like a spiral shell,
and capable of being conducted quite near the"
bottom of the deep without incurring the intru--
sioii of any water. Its other name was lun-po-chau
[lit., " under-wave boat "). The men of that
country had the stature of ten feet, and clad them-
selves with the knitted hairs of birds and beasts.
Questioned by the emperor as to the begirnings
of the heaven and earth, they answered as if
they had ocularly witnessed it."
Obviously, this idea of the spiral-fhell boat was the outcome of the observation of the submarine movement of such a r hell- fish as the nautilus or argonaut.
KUMAGUSU MlNAKATA. Tanabe, Kii, Japan.
CORNISH AND DEVONIAN PRIESTS EXE- CUTED IN 1548-9 (12 S. v. 96). According to Frances Rose-Troup's ' The Western- Rebellion of 1549' (Smith & Elder, 1911), the name of the priest executed alone on July 7, 1548, was Martin Geffrey, late of St. Keverne (pp. fiO-92). According to the^ same work, p. 497, William Alsa was Vicar of Gulval al's Lanistey in 1536 (Oliver's ' Eccles. -Antiquities,' ii. 188), and James Nourton Vicar of St. Uny, next Lelant (p. 499). The benefices of the other six are not given in the above work.
W, A. B. C.
J. TURNER, PAINTER c. 180 (12 S. v. 69).. I regret that I am unable to solve this query, but I feel sure that MR. TOMSON would be interested in a somewhat protracted controversy which appeared in The Con- wisseur, vol. xv. Ill, and xvi. 47 and 251 June, September, and December, 1906), The question was whether an artist who- Dublished a series of views of Edinburgh in 1824, and signed his name on each of them as " W. Turner de Lond. del. et sculp.," was dentical with the famous J. M. W. Turner or not. It was conclusively proved that thejr .vere certainly not one and the same man, nor was there any evidence that they were n any way related. It may be the same- with J. Turner. ALAN STEWART.
"TROUNCER" (12 S. iv. 101, 198, 229). he death of the RIGHT HON. G. W.. RSKINE RUSSELL (see ante, p. 84) will lend dditional interest to the following extract om a letter which he wrote me in August ast anent this much-discussed word :
" I take it that the verb ' to trounce ' has long nee lost its original significance if indeed I was Drrectly informed about it. When the punish' lent of flogging at the cart's tail was abolished^ o doubt the verb in that technical sense went ut of use. But it has survived as meaning any vere punishment, e.g., a lady who had been- uncivilly treated by the man who was showing
