12 S. IX. DEC. 31, 1921.; NOTES AND QUERIES. 535 13. M.Claxton (1813-81), English painter, born at Bolton, Lancashire, entered the Royal Academy 1831 ; gained the gold medal of the Society of Arts, 1835 ; studied in Italy. Among his principal pictures are ' The Deathbed of John Wesley,'
- The Death of Sir John Moore at Corunna,'
' Alfred in the Camp of the Danes,' ' The Jews Mourning over Jerusalem,' and his ' Sepulchre,' now in ths Kensington Museum. 15. James Drummond (1816-77), Scottish painter, born at Edinburgh ; first exhibited in the Royal Scottish Academy in 1834 ; became an Academician in 1852, and curator of fie National Gallery of Scotland in 1868. Drummond' s imaginative power and archaeo- logical skill are strikingly displayed in his historical paintings, as ' The Porteous Mob,' ' The Covenanters in Greyfriars Churchyard,' ' Peace,' and ' War.' JAMES SETON- ANDERSON. 39, Carlisle Road, Hove, Sussex. 4. " Barker of Batfr' Thomas B., b. near Pontypool, Monmouthshire, 1769 ; d. at Bath 1847 ('Catalogue of Pictures, in National Gallery of Ireland, 1914, p. 7). J. ARDAGH. VICARS OF CREDITON, DEVON (12 S. ix. 470). Short notes may be found in George Oliver's * Monasticon,' at p. 78, and in Joseph Foster's ' Alumni Oxonienses ' (except No. 4). No. 1 (Ley) published four single sermons. No. 2 (Ham) for will, see Report of Charity Commissioners on Sandford (Besley's 8vo ed., Exeter, 1830, iii. 68) ; The Gentleman's Magazine and Oliver are not in agreement as to the date of his death. No. 5 (Hart) ; also see C. W. Boase, Exeter College Register, Part II. No. 6 (Rudall) ; also see G. C. Boase, ' Biblio. Cornub.' M. AMERICAN HUMORISTS : CAPTAIN G. H. DERBY (12 S. ix. 353, 394, 491). The opening chapter oi the ' Squibob Papers ' is a 4th of Jxily oration said to have been delivered by the author in Oregon. At p. 36, after stating that Washington was born of poor but honest parents at Geneva in 1492, and that he died from exposure on Mount Vernon in 1786, it goes on: A portrait by Gilbert Stuart of this great soldier and statesman may be seen very badly engraved on the History of the United States, but as it was taken when in the act of chewing tobacco, the left cheek is distended out of proportion and the likeness rendered very unsatisfactory. After this follows a footnote, " See frontis- piece." This frontispiece is what I described in my original query as a caricature, and it is described underneath, " A side elevation of G. Washington (not by Gilbert Stuart), see page 36." X. T. R. IRON BARS USED AS MONEY (12 S. ix. 449). In Caesars ' De Bello Galileo,' Book V.,chap. 12, we are told of the inhabitants of Britain, Utuntur aut aere aut nummo aureo aut taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis pro nummo. Recent editors suspect the words aut aere, because, although the British had gold coins a century and a half before Csesar's invasion, the earliest of their bronze coins that have been discovered are later than Csesar's time. For other reasons chapters 12, 13, and 14 have been regarded as an insertion by a subsequent writer. The statement that iron bars (taleae ferreae) of a standard Weight were used as currency in this island is supported by archaeological evidence. Dr. T. Rice Holmes has the following note in his edition of the ' De Bello Gallico ' : A large number of these iron bars have been unearthed ; and one of the hoards contained 394 specimens. They may be arranged according to their weight, in four groups, the heaviest being twice as valuable as the next, four times as valuable as the third, and eight times as valu- able as the lightest. Not a single bar has come to light in the eastern and south-eastern counties, where coins are most abundant. Dr. Rice Holmes gives references to pp. 250- 1 of his * Ancient Britain and the Invasions of Julius Caesar' (1907), and the Proceedings of the Society of Anti- quaries of London, xxii. (1907-9), pp. 338-343. Can some one say in what museum these bars are to be seen ? Further examples of the use in different parts of the world of metal bars or rods as currency are given in Sir William Ridgeway's ' Origin of Metallic Currency and Weight Standards.' EDWARD BENSLY. Iron currency bars were used in England long before Caesar, who makes mention of them, landed. COUNTRYMAN will find specimens in the British Museum ; while in the last number of The Antiquaries 1 Journal (vol. i., No. 4, p. 321) he will find a most interesting account of a recent find of a hoard of such bars in a circular dwelling- pit on Worthy Down, near Winchester. He will also see, on p. 323, a picture of seven of these bars, " with the extremities of their broader ends pinched in to form a sort of hollow handle." TVEDALE LAMBERT.
