a volt, but slowly rose again to nearly its original value as the film evaporated. This shows that the electrification was not a temporary one of the glass surface, for that would not have returned to a definite value. Heating the plate by radiation or washing the glass with benzol caused the potential to rise further, but in no case was the potential quite so high as when the plate was first formed. An even more convincing proof that the potential measured was really that of the sodium, was found in the fact that the sensibility of the apparatus was such as would be given by a plate the size of the sodium. If the electrification had been on the whole surface of the glass, the sensibility, on account of the larger surface, would have been at least ten times as great as that observed.
§ 85. The experiments described in this chapter show that (i) when two metals are coated with the same non-conductor, such as wax or glass, their potential is not sensibly different from that of the bare metals in air; (ii) that temperature-variation still takes place, though air be excluded. These results seem to prove that gaseous films play no essential part in the phenomenon.
In my previous papers[1] I have given accounts of the double refraction and polarisation of electric waves produced by various crystals and other substances, and also by strained dielectrics. An account was there given of the polarisation apparatus with which the effects were studied. In the present investigation effects had to be studied which were exceedingly feeble. The apparatus had, therefore, to be made of extreme sensitiveness; but the secondary disturbances became at the same time more prominent, and the great difficulty experienced was in getting rid of these disturbances.
In one of my communications I alluded to the fact that these secondary disturbances are to a great extent reduced when the radiators are made small. The advantage of a large radiator is the comparative ease with which the receiver can be adjusted to respond to the waves, but this advantage is more than counterbalanced by the increased difficulty with the stray radiation and other disturbances.
- ↑ "On the Polarisation of the Electric Ray by Double-refracting Crystals," 'Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal,' May, 1895, and "On a New Electro-polariscope," 'The Electrician,' December 27, 1895.
