yet seldom chases the larger birds of prey, but, unlike the Bee Martin,
prefers attacking those smaller ones which inadvertently approach its nest
or its station. Among themselves these birds have frequent encounters,
on which occasions they shew an unrelenting fierceness almost amounting
to barbarity. The plutking of a conquered rival is sometimes witnessed.
In its flight this bird moves swiftly and with power. It sweeps after
its prey with a determined zeal, and repeatedly makes its mandibles clat-
ter with uncommon force and rapidity. When the prey is secured, and
it has retired to the spray on which it was before, it is seen to beat the
insect on it, and swallow it with greediness, after which its crest is boldly
erected, and its loud harsh squeak immediately resounds, imitating the
syllables paiip, paip, payup, payiup. No association takes place among
different families, and yet the solicitude of the male towards his mate, and
of the parent birds towards their young, is exemplary. The latter are
fed and taught to provide for themselves, with a gentleness which might
be copied by beings higher in the scale of nature, and in them might meet
with as much gratitude as that expressed by the young Flycatchers to-
wards their anxious parents. The family remain much together while in
the United States, and go off in company early in September. This spe-
cies, like the Tyrant Flycatcher, migrates by day, and during its jour-
neys is seen passing at a great height.
The squeak or sharp note of the Great Crested Flycatcher is easily distinguished from that of any of the genus, as it transcends all others in shrillness, and is heard mostly in those dark woods where, recluse-like, it seems to delight. During the love-season, and as long as the male is pay- ing his addresses to the female, or proving to her that he is happy in her society, it is heard for hours both at early dawn and sometimes after sun- set ; but as soon as the yovmg are out, the whole family are mute.
It feeds principally upon insects, so long as these are abundant; but frequently in autumn, and as it retrogrades from the Middle Districts, its food is grapes and several species of berries, among which those of the pokeweed are conspicuous. While in the woods, its flight is peculiarly rapid: it dashes through the upper branches of the tallest trees like an arrow, and often sweeps from this elevated range close to the earth, to seize an insect, which it has espied issuing from among the grass or the fallen leaves.
