Zenith-light Signals.
Another form of signal, although not capable of use at very great distances, may, however, be employed with considerable advantage, under certain circumstances. Universality and economy are its great advantages. It consists of a looking-glass, making an angle of 45° with the horizon, placed just behind an opening in a vertical board. This being stuck into the earth, the light of the sky in the zenith, which is usually the brightest, will be projected horizontally through the opening, in whatever direction the person to be communicated with may be placed. The person who makes the signals must stand on one side in front of the instrument; and, by passing his hat slowly before the aperture any number of times, may thus express each unit's figure of his signal.
He must then, leaving the light visible, pause whilst he deliberately counts to himself ten.
He must then with his hat make a number of occultations equal to the tens figure he wishes to express.
This must be continued for each figure in the number of the signal, always pausing between each during the time of counting ten.
When the end of the signal is terminated, he must count sixty in the same manner; and if the signal he gave has not been acknowledged, he should repeat it until it has been observed.
The same simple telegraph may be used in a dark night, by substituting a lantern for the looking-glass. The whole apparatus is simple and cheap, and can be easily carried even by a small boy.
I was led to this contrivance many years ago by reading an account of a vessel stranded within thirty yards of the shore.
