ease. Lesser Armenia under Cotys continued resistance for some time, but it too was at last subdued. The new king, perhaps because he felt insecure, ruled with great cruelty, which soon caused appeals for aid to the Parthian Vardanes. The Parthian king attempted to secure the help of one of his principal vassals, Izates II of Adiabene, but was unable to convince him that a campaign against Mithradates had much chance of success. The fact that his five sons were in Rome undoubtedly influenced Izates. Angered by the latter's refusal, Vardanes began a campaign against his vassal. Possibly for the purpose of distracting Vardanes, Vibius Marsus, governor of Syria from 42 to 45, made a feint at the Euphrates frontier.[1]
The position of Vardanes was perhaps becoming too strong for the nobles; at any rate they encouraged Gotarzes to secure the throne. About 43[2] Gotarzes collected an army and advanced to the river Erindes (probably the ancient Charindas)[3] in Hyrcania. The passage of this stream was hotly contested, and Vardanes at last managed to prevent his brother from
- ↑ Tac. Ann. xi. 10; Josephus Ant. xx. 72.
- ↑ Gotarzes' first coins, Wroth, Parthia, p. 161, were struck early in 355 s.e., i.e., a.d. 44/45; cf. McDowell, Coins from Seleucia, pp. 226 f. and table, p. 189. If Avroman II (see p. 140, end of n. 53) is dated in the Arsacid era, it should be placed in a.d. 44. It seems better, however, as indicated in chap. ii, to consider that the Seleucid era was used and that the date is 21/20 b.c.; cf. p. 47, n. 70. The occurrence of the name Cleopatra among the queens is a further argument for the earlier dating, for after Actium Cleopatra was not a popular name; see PW, arts. "Kleopatra."
- ↑ PW, art. "Hyrkania," cols. 468 and 506 f.
