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POLITICAL HISTORY OF PARTHIA

banks. The horses placed on board suffered greatly from cramped quarters. Only occasionally were the fleet and the army separated by cliffs and bends, as they would be in passing Dura-Europus. Eddies in the currents of the winding river caused much difficulty.[1]

A great wall, said to have been built by "Semiramis," was passed,[2] the towns of Phaliga[3] and Dura-Europus were visited, and the triumphal arch already mentioned was erected at the latter place. The army moved on past Anatha, then known by its later name of Tyre,[4] to Ozogardana, where Trajan reviewed his troops[5] and where his tribunal was still shown in the days of Ammianus Marcellinus.[6] At some point below modern Baghdad, where the rivers came closest together, Trajan undertook to transport his fleet across to the Tigris. A canal was considered; but the Emperor was informed that the Euphrates was much higher than the Tigris, and his informants seem to have discouraged the plan. Perhaps the operation was

  1. Arrian Parthica frs. 59–63.
  2. Could this be the spoil banks of the canal of "Semiramis" mentioned in Isid. Char. Mans. Parth. 1?
  3. Arrian Parthica x. fr. 8, Phalga; Isid. Char. Mans. Parth. 1, Phaliga; Dura-Europus Parchment X, ed. Rostovtzeff and Welles in Baur and Rostovtzeff, The Excavations at Dura-Europos, Second Season, p. 203, line 6, Paliga.
  4. Arrian Parthica fr. 64.
  5. Zosimus iii. 15.3, Zaragardia. Mattingly and Sydenham, Rom. Imp. Coin., II, 267, Nos. 322–23, and 290, No. 655, probably refer to this review. See also ibid., p. 265, No. 309 and n.**.
  6. Amm. Marcel, xxiv. 2. 3.