conditions, the only variation being in the age at which the change sets in. In spite of the unsatisfactory data from which most of these tables were derived, we may infer that the expectation of life at the higher ages has been lessened over a wide area of the country during the last three decades.
This conclusion is confirmed in a measure by a survey of the mortality rates at the several age periods of adult life in the registration states for the years 1900 and 1911, respectively. In order to make our comparison valid, we have been careful to consider only the states which comprised the registration area in 1900. You will note (Table I.) that all age groups up to and including 35 to 44 for males, and 45 to 54 for females show decreases in the rates for 1911 as against those for 1900. From this age period onward, however, the rates for 1911 are higher than for the earlier date. It is evident that at all ages the mortality is much more favorable for females than for males; but in both sexes the forces that have been at work to reduce mortality in early life have not continued in effectiveness. After the period of middle life, an apparent deterioration has occurred.
What then are the factors in this change? From the records of the Bureau of the Census for the registration area it would appear that the causes of death which predominate at the advanced ages, namely, cancer, diabetes, apoplexy, organic heart disease, diseases of the arteries, cirrhosis of the liver and Bright's disease have increased in their incidence during the last ten years. This is shown in the accompanying Table II. It is significant that, together, these seven causes account for more than one half of the deaths after the age of forty.
Table I
Death-Rates per 1,000 Population
(Registration States as constituted in 1900)
| Males | Females | |||||
| Age | 1900 | 1911 | Per Cent. Increase or Decrease |
1900 | 1911 | Per Cent. Increase or Decrease |
| Under 5 | 54.2 | 39.8 | - 26.57 | 45.8 | 33.3 | - 27.29 |
| 5-9 | 4.7 | 3.4 | - 27.66 | 4.6 | 3.1 | - 32.61 |
| 10-14 | 2.9 | 2.4 | - 17.24 | 3.1 | 2.1 | - 32.26 |
| 15-19 | 4.9 | 3.7 | - 24.49 | 4.8 | 3.3 | - 31.25 |
| 20-24 | 7.0 | 5.3 | - 24.29 | 6.7 | 4.7 | - 29.85 |
| 25-34 | 8.3 | 6.7 | - 19.28 | 8.2 | 6.0 | - 26.83 |
| 35-44 | 10.8 | 10.4 | - 3.70 | 9.8 | 8.3 | - 15.31 |
| 45-54 | 15.8 | 16.1 | + 1.90 | 14.2 | 12.9 | - 9.15 |
| 55-64 | 28.9 | 30.9 | + 6.92 | 25.8 | 26.0 | + 0.78 |
| 65-74 | 28.9 | 30.9 | + 6.92 | 25.8 | 26.0 | + 0.78 |
| 75 and over | 146.1 | 147.4 | + 0.89 | 139.5 | 139.5 | - 15.22 |
| All ages | 17.6 | 15.8 | - 10.23 | 16.5 | 14.0 | - 15.15 |
