ʃLʹïpərNỹ꞉, ‘tottering’, < Engl. ‘slip’. From Lat. papa, ‘pope’, we expect *pα꞉bə and not pα꞉pə.
§ 362. b + th gives p in Lʹαpə, gen. sing. of Lʹαbwi꞉, ‘bed’, nom. plur. Lʹαpαχə, M.Ir. lepad; Lʹɛəpαχə, plur. of Lʹɛəb, ‘strip’, Di. leadhb. Similarly in futures, e.g. Lu꞉pwi ʃə, ‘he will bend’; ʃiəpwi ʃə, ‘it will blow’. p further arises from bh + th in the adverbs ti꞉puəs, ‘above’, ti꞉pαL, ‘beyond’, ti꞉pʹiər, ‘to the west of’ = taobh-thuas, taobh-thiar, taobh-thall, cp. § 470 and Pedersen p. 161.
o̤mpər, ‘to carry’, occurs by the side of o̤mχər, M.Ir. immchor; kɔləpə, ‘calf of the leg’ (not common) = Meyer colptha; kɔləpαχ, ‘stirk’, = Meyer colpthach. Both the latter seem to go back to the Teutonic word for ‘calf’.
§ 363. In the future forms of stems ending in p the h < f can cause no change as the p is already aspirated. Hence the present and future are often the same in form, e.g. kʹαpwi꞉ ʃə, ‘he stops’ or ‘will stop’; kro̤pwi꞉ ʃə, ‘it shrinks’ or ‘will shrink’.
2. pʹ.
§ 364. pʹ is formed with the lips tightly drawn back on to the teeth and may be aspirated. For pʹ as a lenis cp. § 438.
§ 365. Initial pʹ represents O. and M.Ir. p before e, i. The words in question are mostly borrowed from Latin or English, some are late formations modelled on English words, whilst one or two others such as spʹαl, ‘scythe’, M.Ir. spel, are obscure. Examples – pʹαkuw, ‘sin’, O.Ir. peccad < Lat. peccatum; pʹαN, ‘pen’, M.Ir. penn < Lat. pinna; pʹαtə, ‘pet’, M.Ir. petta; pʹïlʹəpʹi꞉nʹ, ‘peewit’, Di. pilibín, < Philip (?); pʹïnu꞉s, ‘penance’, Di. píonús, píonós < Lat. poena, with possibly a leaning on Engl. ‘punish’ (Macbain); pʹïkɔdʹ, ‘pick’ and pʹïkuw, ‘to pick’, < Engl.; pʹigʹi꞉nʹ, ‘a piggin’; pʹiʃi꞉nʹ, ‘kitten’; pʹitʹ, ‘cunnus’, Di. pit < Engl. ‘pit’ or O.E. pyt; pʹiNʹ, ‘penny’, M.Ir. pinginn; pʹi꞉sə, ‘piece’; pʹlʹɛəskuw, ‘to burst, crack’, founded on Engl. ‘flash’ (?); pʹlʹeiʃu꞉r, ‘pleasure’; pʹrʹɛətə, ‘potato’; pʹrʹïs, ‘cupboard’, <Engl. ‘press’; spʹeirʹ, ‘sky’, < Lat. sphaera; spʹiənuw, ‘to tease wool’, < Lat. spina; spʹïrəd, ‘spirit’, O.Ir. spirut.
In pʹeiʃtʹ (χapwiLʹ), ‘a black and yellow caterpillar’, we have pʹ for bʹ, cp. § 360 and Scotch G. preathal for breitheal.
pʹiəχαn, ‘hoarseness’, seems to be onomatopœic and exhibits
