1245. A few suffixes are used to make derivatives from certain limited and special classes of words, as numerals and particles. Thus:
a. तय taya makes a few adjectives, meaning of so many divisions or kinds (used in the neuter as collectives), from numerals: thus, ékataya (MS.), dvitaya, tritaya, cátuṣṭaya (AV.), ṣaṭtaya (KB.: with external combination), saptátaya (ÇB.), aṣṭātaya (AB.), dáçataya (RV.), bahútaya (TS.). Their fem. is in -yī.
b. त्य tya makes a class of adjectives from particles: e. g. nítya own, níṣṭya foreign, amā́tya companion, etc. As the examples show, the accent of the primitive is retained. The fem. is in -tyā.
c. The other quotable examples are ápatya, āvíṣṭya, sánutya, antastya, anyatastya-, tatastya, kutastya, atratya, tatratya, yatratya, kutratya, ihatya, upatya, adhitya, prātastya, dakṣiṇātya (instead of which, the regular form, is generally found dākṣiṇātya, apparently a further vṛddhi-derivative from it: as if belonging to the southerners), and pāçcāttya and pāurastya (of a similar character: these three last are said by the grammarians to be accented on the final, as is proper for vṛddhi-derivatives); aptyá and āptyá perhaps contain the same suffix. In antastya and prātastya is seen external combination.
d. The y of tya is in RV. always to be read as i after a heavy syllable.
e. त ta forms ekatá, dvitá, and tritá, also muhūrtá moment, and apparently avatá well (for water).
f. With न na are made purāṇá ancient, víṣuṇa various, and perhaps samāná like.
g. With तन tana or (in a few cases) त्न tna are made adjectives from adverbs, nearly always of time: e. g. pratná ancient, nū́tana or nū́tna present, sanātána or sanátna lasting, divātana of the day, çvástana of tomorrow, hyastana of yesterday. The accent is various. The feminine is in nī́.
h. The other quotable examples are: agretana, adyatana, adhunātána, idaṁtana, idānīṁtana, etarhitana, ciraṁtana, tadānīṁtana, doṣātana, purātana, prāktana, prātastána, sadātana, sāyaṁtána; from adverbs of place, adhastana, arvāktana, uparitana, kutastana; — with tna, parastāttna, purastāttna. A further vṛddhi-derivative, with equivalent meaning, nāutana (cf. above, c), occurs late. In PB. is once found tvattana belonging to thee.
i. Besides the obvious cases of an assimilated final m before this suffix, we have external combination in prātastána.
j. वत् vat makes from particles of direction the feminine nouns mentioned above (383 k. 1).
k. कट kaṭa, properly a noun in composition, is reckoned by the
