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persian grammar.

Interrogative Pronouns.

As in Hindūstānī, the sound کk asks a question relative to rational beings; as کهkih, "who?" and the corresponding soft sound asks a question relative to irrational beings; as چیchǐ, "what?" These, with other words have become absorbed or amalgamated in the form, make up the remaining interrogatives; e.g. کدام‎ "which?" (of two), the d being a survival of دو, "two;" چگونهchigūna, "how?" (for چیchi, "what?" and گونgūn, "phase, colour, sort") and چونchūn, "how? like what?" (the گ‎ having a tendency to disappear between two vowels); چندchand, "how many" (= چیchi, "what?" + اندand, "some") (of. اندکandak, "a little"), کیkai, "when" etc.

Reflexive Pronouns.

These are formed by adding the personal pronouns خودkhud, "self," etc; as

من خود man khud, I myself.
تو خود tu khud, Thou thyself, etc.

The affixed forms may also be used with خودkhud; as

در خانه خودم dar khāna-i-kudham, In my own house.

From خودشkhudash, "his-self," we get (Symbol missingPersian characters) kh'esh ("his own self, his-self") and (Symbol missingPersian characters) kh'eshtan, "himself." In the last the word تن‎ signifies "body" or "person."

Examples of the Personal Pronouns.

The following examples ae useful as showing the various uses and combinations of the pronouns.

(Symbol missingPersian characters) man ki fulān pier i fulānam, I, so-and-so, the son of so-and-so.