AREA AND POPULATION. 58 I
the amount of money he had with him, and the average of 142,342 comers that year was found to be 68 dollars 8 cents. This course was abandoned, however, as it was found that the full amounts were not truly stated ; but it was shown that the immigrants pos- sessed a larger sum than is actually held by the residents of a com- munity. It is estimated that the German immigrants alone brought into the United States annually an average of about 11,000,000 dollars. Each man has clothing, tools, and valuables also, the amount of which with his cash capital is estimated at 150 dollars. In 1859, there arrived 250,000 immigrants at New York, augment- ing the national wealth that year by 37,500,000 dollars. From May 5, 1847, to January 1, 1859, 4,1)38,991 immigrants arrived at New York, which number represented a total increase to the national wealth of 5,149,713,525 dollars. Assuming the immigration into the whole country to amount to 300,000 souls a year, the Union gains 382,000,000 dollars a year, or more than one million dollars a day. Without immigration the yearly increase of population by excess of births over deaths is about one in 38, while the actual increase from 1840 to 1850 was 35 - 87 per cent., and from 1850 to 1860 amounted to 35 - 59 per cent.
The following statement shows the numbers of immigrants in the forty years 1820 to 1860, spread over equal decennial periods : —
Four census periods
In the 10 years previous to June 1, 1830 ,, 10 years previous to June 1, 1840 ,, 10 years previous to June 1, 1850 ,, 10 years previous to June 1, 1860
Passengers of foreign birth
244,490
5.">2,000
1,558,300
2,707,624
According to an official report issued from the Bureau of Sta- tistics, Washington, there arrived in the 13 years 1856-1868, 2,565,644 aliens in the United States, or an average of 1 97,357 a year. The number was much larger in 1«66 than in the accompanying years— 248,120 in 1865,318,554 in 1866,298,358 in 1 867, and 297,215 in 1868. The nationalities of the 2,565,644 aliens arriving in the States, in the period from 1856 to 1868, were stated as follows: — 1,215,600 from the United Kingdom; 108,531 from British America ; 8,673 from the British West Indies; 193 from Australasia; 845,479 from Germany, exclusive of Prussia; 64,355 from Prussia; 1,592 from Austria; 487 from Hungary; 58,289 from Sweden and Norway; 13,043 from Denmark; 11,205 from the Netherlands ; 8,245 from Belgium ; 49,383 from France ; 24,539 from Switzerland ; 10,340 from Spain ; 2,090 from Porta-
