1084 MOROCCO
Sultan has to follow the advice of the French Resident-General (an office created April 28, 1912) in all matters. The Resident-General holds the appointment also of Minister for Foreign Affairs. The Officer Command ing the French troops is Minister of War. There is a Grand Vizier, Sid Mohammed El Mokri (August 29, 1917), who has to act under the control of the Resident-General. The Moorish Minister of Finance acts under the control of the French Director-General of Finance and the Minister of Justice u&der that of the French Secretary-General of the Sherifian government.
The capitals of Morocco are Fez, Tafilclt, Marakesh, and Rabat, in each of which towns the Sultan has palaces, and in each of which the Sultans of Morocco have always resided from time to time. At present the Sultan has delegated a portion of his authority to three Khalifas, who reside respectively in each of the three first-named capitals. The seat of Government, for the present, is Rabat. Consequently the Sultan generally resides there, and the nublic offices are at Rabat, where the Resident- General has his residence. The Resident General has residences also at the other capitals and at Casablanca.
The negotiations between France and Spain as to their respective rights in Morocco came to an end in the Franco-Spanish Treaty of Madrid, signed on November 27, 1912. In this France acknowledged the right of Spain to exercise its influence in the Spanish zone, the extent of which was clearly defined. (See map Statesman's Year-Book for 1913.) The north Spanish zone lies along the Mediterranean for some 200 miles in length, with an average breadth of 60 miles but varying in depth. It extends from the Algerian border to the sea, and westward to the town of El Kasar el Kebir, and then by a straight line to the Atlantic. The zone is admin- istered, under the control of a Spanish High Commissioner, by a Calipha (whose headquarters are at Tetuan) chosen by the Sultan from a list of two candidates presented by the Spanish Government. It was further agreed that Tangier and its district should be excluded from the Spanish zone, and become a special zone, some 140 square miles in extent.
French Resident-General. — General Lyautey (held office from April 28, 1912, to December 13, 1916. Re-appointed April 7, 1917).
Spanish High Commissioner.— General Damaso Berenguer, appointed January 25, 1919.
Calipha of the Spanish Zone. — Mulai El-Mehdi, appointed April 19, 1913.
Area and Population.
According to the most recent investigation, the area is about 231,500 English square miles. Of this Spain claims 10,000 square miles for the north zone and 960 for Ifni on the west coast (see under Spain). The French Service des Renseignements estimated (July, 1919) the native population of the French zone at 5,400,000, the urban population being put at 484,772, of whom 357,314 are Mussulmans, 76,505 Jewish natives and 50,953 Europeans, of whom 1,388 are British, 30,981 French, 11,859 Spanish and 4,418 Italian. The population consists of Berbers, Tuaregs, Shellah Berbers, and Arabs, and a considerable number of Jews and Negroe*. By adding to the 5,400,000 of the French zone, 600,000 for the Spanish zones and Tangier (which can only be taken as a rough estimate), we get 6,000,000 as the total population of Morocco. Probably the total population does not fall far short of six million, but as stated above this
