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154 CAVE CAVENDISH CAVE, William, an English scholar and divine, born at Pickwell, Leicestershire, Dec. 80, 1637, died at "Windsor, Aug. 4, 1713. He was edu- cated at St. John's college, Cambridge, and be- came successively vicar of Islington, rector of Allhallows the Great, London, and chaplain to Charles II., who made him canon of Windsor. Having selected as his residence the quiet vil- lage of Isleworth, Middlesex, he devoted his life to researches into the history of the church. He produced a great number of works, the most important of which are his "Primitive Christi- anity" (1672), " Lives of the Apostles" (1675), and "Lives of the Fathers" (Ecclesiastic^ 1682). His style is concise, simple, and easy, and his sentiments so liberal that he has been accused of Socinianism. A monument in Is- lington church marks his burial place. CAVEAT (Lat. cavere, to beware), a formal notice or caution given by a party in interest to a court, judge, or public officer against the performance of certain acts, such as permitting a will to be proved, granting letters of admin- istration, or patents for inventions, or for lands. Its object is to prevent any proceedings being taken without such notice to the party giving it as shall enable him to appear and show cause against the proposed action. CAVEAIJ, a Parisian literary and convivial as- sociation, initiated in 1729 in the shop of the grocer Gallet, who was a witty songster and a friend of Crebillon the younger and other lit- erary men. Subsequently the suspicion arose that Gallet was deriving too many pecuniary advantages from the habitues, and the place of meeting was removed to a tavern known as the Caveau (cave), whence the name. The dinners on the first Sunday of every month were at- tended by Helvetius and other celebrated per- sons. The association was discontinued toward the end of 1739. Cappelle and Armand Gouffe established in 1806 the Caveau moderne in the cafe de Cancale, and the dinners, which took place on the 20th day of the month at the Rocher de Cancale, were presided over by Pierre Laujon, and after his death in 1811 by Desaugiers, most of whose songs were com- posed especially for these reunions. The latter invited Beranger, who was here first encour- aged to publish his songs. After various vi- cissitudes the Caveau was reorganized in 1834 by Albert Montemont, at the Pestel restau- rant near the cafe de la Regence ; and subse- quently the monthly dinners took place in the cafe Corazza, in the palais royal, and Jules Janin was received as a member in 1866. At the present day the meetings are rather more ceremonious and academical than formerly. CAVEDONE, Jaeopo or Glacomo, an Italian paint- er, born at Sassuolo, Modena, in 1577, died in Bologna in 1660. Escaping from & home made unendurable to him by his father's iolence, he became page to a nobleman in Bologca, whose picture gallery gave him an opportunity of cul- tivating artistic tastes, which were developed under the tuition of several masters, especially Annibale Carracci, who soon ranked him among his ablest pupils. Subsequently he studied in Venice, and on his return to Bologna he execu- ted pictures of the " Nativity " and the " Adora- tion of the Magi " for the San Paolo church, which gave him great reputation. His master- piece in the church of the Mendicanti di Den- tro, representing St. Alp and St. Petronio kneeling before the Virgin and child, with a glory of angels, is celebrated for the imposing and yet simple cast of the drapery, and for its matchless beauties of composition, coloring, and expression; it has been often ascribed, like many of his other productions, to his teacher Carracci, and to other illustrious masters. Guido took him as a model in fresco painting, in which he produced the finest and most harmonious effects by using a limited but the most suitable variety of tints. In richness of coloring he was unrivalled among the artists of the Bolognese school. The latter part of his life was sadden- ed by charges of witchcraft brought against his wife by superstitious people, and by the death of an only son who was a promising artist. Distracted to the verge of madness and reduced to starvation by his inability to work, he fell senseless in the streets while unnvailingly ask- ing for alms, and was removed to a stable, where he soon breathed his last. Besides the pictures mentioned, most of his other works are in Bologna. Florence possesses his portrait painted by himself, Munich his " Dead Christ mourned by an Angel," and the Louvre in Paris his "St. Cecilia." CAYEDONI, Celestino, an Italian archaeologist and numismatist, born near Reggio, May 18, 1795, died in Modena, Nov. 26, 1865. He was educated in the episcopal seminary at Modena, studied archaeology, Greek, and Hebrew at Bologna, became director of the numismatic collections of the library of Modena, and from 1830 to 1863 was professor of hermeneutics at the university. His principal works are Nu- mismatica Biblica (Modena, 1850; German translation by Werlhof, 2 vols., Hanover, 1855-'6), and Confutazione dei principali er- rori di Ernesto Henan nella sua Vie de Jesus (Modena, 1863). CAVELIER, Pierre Jules, a French sculptor, born in Paris, Aug. 30, 1814. He studied un- der Delaroche and David d'Angers, early ob- tained the grand prize, and was for some years supported in his studies at Rome by the French academy. He acquired celebrity in 1849 by his statue of Penelope, the medal of honor be- ing conferred upon him, with a three years' pension of 4,000 francs. In 1865 he became a member of the institute. His works are re- markable for purity and grace. His statue rep- resenting " Truth " is in the Luxembourg; that of Abelard is in the new Louvre ; and he has also made busts of Ary Scheffer, Horace Ver- net, Napoleon I., and others. CAVENDISH, Henry, an English philosopher, born at Nice, Oct. 10, 1731, died in London, Feb. 24, 1810. He was a man of great wealth