Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/671

CLEBURNE CLEMATIS 659 53 years of his connection with Bowdoin col- lege he failed on his own account of attending only three recitations or lectures. During this period he kept a meteorological journal, noting the weather at three different hours every day. CLEBURNE, a N. E. county of Alabama, bor- dering on Georgia, watered by the Tallapoosa river ; area, about 700 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 8,017, of whom 576 were colored. It has been recently formed from portions of Oalhoun, Randolph, and Talladega counties. The sur- face is uneven. Various minerals, including gold, lead, and iron, are found. The Selma, Rome, and Dalton railroad passes through the N. W. corner. The chief productions in 1870 were 36,739 bushels of wheat, 186,763 of In- dian corn, 19,853 of oats, 15,679 of sweet pota- toes, 873 bales of cotton, 83,965 Ibs. of butter, and 10,997 of tobacco. There were 960 horses, 524 mules and asses, 1,976 milch cows, 3,665 other cattle, 3,871 sheep, and 10,659 swine. Capital, Edwardsville. CLEEF, Jan van, a Flemish painter, born at Venloo in 1646, died in Ghent in 1716. His works are to be found in many churches of Flanders and Brabant. In Ghent, where they are very numerous, there is a fine picture by him in the convent of the Black Nuns, repre- senting a sister of the order succoring persons stricken with the plague. CLEEF, or Cleve, Joost van, a Flemish paint- er, born in Antwerp about 1485, died about 1530. His conceit and eccentricities bordered on insanity, and he went by the name of " The Fool." In fact he became insane before he died. He was nevertheless an artist of merit, and left some fine pictures in Flanders and Holland, among which one at Amsterdam, rep- resenting Bacchus with gray hair and a youthful face, is worthy of note. CLEMATIS (Gr. /cA^/za, tendril), a genus of mostly climbing and highly ornamental shrubs, belonging to the natural order ranunculacece. It is generically distinguished by having four valvate colored sepals, no petals, opposite leaves, and carpels bearing the styles as long feathery tails. It embraces more than 50 species, distributed eastward from Mexico to Japan, 9 of them being natives of North America. The flower is often odoriferous, and its color is white, yellow, violet, purple, or blue. The C. mtalba (Linn.), often called the traveller's joy, is a native of England, and is common throughout England and France, covering hedges and old walls with its ample pinnate leaves, and its panicles of white fragrant blossoms. Its leaves contain an acrid juice which irritates the skin, and were used by beggars in the middle ages to produce artificial and easily curable ulcers. The C. flammula, the most sweet-scented of the species, resem- bles the preceding, but has smaller leaves and flowers, and is indigenous and most abundant in the south of France. The C. cirrhosa is an elegant evergreen, with large greenish-white flowers, and is abundant in Spain and on the Atlas mountains in Africa. The C. viticella, or blue clematis, is especially esteemed for forming trellises in gardens, and is distin- guished by its beautiful purplish, bell-shaped Clematis viticell; blossoms hanging gracefully upon solitary pe- duncles. The genus atragene of Linna3us, em- bracing one American and several Siberian and Alpine plants, is by most authors made a species of clematis. Among the American species are the C. Virginiana, or virgin's bower, having leaves with three ovate acute leaflets, numerous white flowers in panicled clusters on axillary peduncles, climbing upon shrubs along river banks, and common through- out the United States ; the C. viorna, or leath- er flower, with a very glabrous, bell-shaped, Virgin's Bower (Clematis Virginiana). purplish calyx, with fruit bearing very plumose tails, and found in rich soil in the middle and southern states; and the C. ochroleuca, with simple and entire leaves, silky beneath, bear-