Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/686

674 CLEVELAND Charlotte Corday ; and two statues of Sappho. He has executed many other works relating to classical and mythological subjects. In 1867 he made busts of the emperor of Russia and of the king of Prussia (the present emperor of Germany) for the h6tel de ville, and in 1869 a statue of " Cleopatra in presence of Caesar." He married the daughter of George Sand. CLEVELAND, a port of entry and the capital of Cuyahoga co., Ohio, the second city in size and importance in the state, situated on the S. shore of Lake Erie, at the mouth of Cuyahoga river, in lat. 41 30' N., Ion. 81 46' W., 120 m. N. E. of Columbus, 225 m. N. E. of Cin- cinnati, and 170 m. S. W. of Buffalo. The growth of Cleveland has been very rapid, the population at the various decennial periods since 1810 having been as follows: in 1810, 57; 1820, 150; 1830, 1,075; 1840, 6,071; 1850, 17,034; 1860, 43,417; 1870, 92,829, of whom 38,815 were foreign born and 1,294 colored. Of the foreigners 15,856 were na- tives of Germany, 9,964 of Ireland, 4,008 of England, 2,634 of British America, 2,155 of Austria (proper), and 786 of Bohemia. There were 3,562 persons over 10 years of age who could not read, and 4,575 who could not write, of whom 3,748 were foreign. There were 16,182 families, with an average of 5'32 persons to a family. The population is now (1873) estimated at more than 150,000. The city received its first impetus from the completion in 1834 of the Ohio canal, which connects Lake Erie at this point with the Ohio river at Portsmouth. A further stimulus was given after 1850 by the development of the railroad system, and since 1860 its prosperity has been increased by the rapid extension of manufacturing industry. Cleveland, from the Reservoir. The greater portion of the city is built on a gravelly plain, elevated from 60 to 100 ft., and overlooking the lake. The river passes through it in a winding course, dividing it into two parts, and affords several miles of dock front. The harbor has been improved by the dredg- ing out of a commodious ship channel, which branches from the river near its mouth, and by the erection of two piers, 200 ft. apart, stretching several hundred feet into the lake. On the E. pier is a lighthouse, and another stands on the cliff above. Cleveland is laid out with much taste, chiefly in squares. The principal streets are from 80 to 120 ft. wide, Superior street having a width of 132 ft., and are lighted with gas and well paved. The abun- dance of shade trees, chiefly maple, has given to it the title of the " Forest City." The business blocks are mostly of brick and stone, from three to five stories high, and a large propor- tion of the dwellings are of the same materials. Euclid avenue is lined with elegant residences, each surrounded by ample grounds, and is con- sidered the handsomest street in the country. Prospect street, parallel to the avenue, ranks next in beauty. Kiver and Merwin streets, on the E. bank of the Cuyahoga, are occupied by the produce and shipping houses, and by many of the wholesale grocery stores. The jobbing business is principally in Water street, while Superior street is occupied by the larger re- tail stores, the banks, and the bookstores. The retail grocery, provision, and fruit stores are situated mostly in Ontario street, S. of the pub- lic square. This square, known as Monumental park, which occupies 10 acres near the centre of the city, was formerly open to foot passen- gers only, but since 1866 it has been divided