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512 FRY FUAD PASHA isters. His delineation of the character of Mary queen of Scots is very severe, and has given rise to much controversy. II. Richard Hnrrell, brother of the preceding, an ardent supporter of the " Oxford movement " in the church of England in its earlier stages, born March 25, 1803, died Feb. 28, 1836. He was educated at Eton and Oxford, in 1826 was elected fellow of Oriel college, and three years after was ordained by the bishop of Oxford. Four volumes of " Remains,' 1 made up of ex- tracts from his journals, correspondence, and writings, in which may be seen the Roman tendencies of the Oxford movement even at that period, were published in London in 1838. FRY, Elizabeth, an English philanthropist, born at Bramerton, near Norwich, May 21, 1780, died in Ramsgate, Oct. 12, 1845. Slue was the daughter of John Gurney of Norwich. The family belonged to the society of Friends, but did not adhere strictly to its usages either in dress, language, or social habits. But in 1798 William Savery, an American Quaker, visited England, and by his means Elizabeth was converted to the strict piety and customs of a "plain Friend." In 1800 she was married to Joseph Fry, and in 1810 she became a min- ister. In 1813 she made her first visit to New- gate prison, and in 1817 succeeded in establish- ing a school and manufactory within the pris- on, organized a ladies' association for the ref- ormation of the prisoners, and thenceforward devoted all her energies to the promotion of prison reform. Within a few years her influ- ence was apparent in most of the jails, houses of correction, lunatic asylums, and infirmaries of the United Kingdom. From 1837 to 1842 she made several journeys in France and in northern and central Europe, visiting prisons, and expounding her plans of improvement to the public authorities. See " Memoirs of Eliz- abeth Fry, with Extracts from her Journals and Letters, edited by Two of her Daughters " (2 vols., London, 1847). FRY, William Henry, an American composer and journalist, born in Philadelphia in Au- gust, 1815, died in the island of Santa Cruz, Dec. 21, 1864. His father, William Fry, was proprietor of the "National Gazette" of Phil- adelphia. His aptitude for music was very early manifested. His first orchestral produc- tions were four overtures performed by the philharmonic society of Philadelphia in 1835, for which he received an honorary medal from the society. In 1839 he became regularly con- nected with the " National Gazette," and in 1844 he was engaged as editor of the Philadel- phia " Ledger." In 1845 his opera of " Leo- nora" was performed in Philadelphia, and in 1858 an Italian version of it was produced. In 1846 he visited Europe, and remained there six years, residing chiefly in Paris, and correspond- ing with various newspapers. In 1852 he de- livered in New York a series of ten lectures on the history of music, as illustrations to which he composed two symphonies, "The Breaking Heart" and "A Day in the Country;" these, with the symphonies "Santa Glaus" and " Childe Harold," were performed by Jul- lien's band. He published a Stabat Mater, with full orchestral and vocal score. After his return from Europe he was attached for the rest of his life to the staff of the "New York Tribune." He was also a political orator, and a popular lecturer on miscellaneous subjects. FRYKEN, a series of small lakes of Sweden, about 12 m. N. W. of Lake Wener. They consist of three distinct parts connected by narrow channels, extend about 40 m. from S. to N., and present the appearance of a large river. They are situated in the Frykedal, renowned for its beautiful scenery. At the N. end of the lakes is the village of Frykoende, and at the S. extremity is the small town of Frykstaden. FRYXELL, Anders, a Swedish historian, born at Hesselskog, in Dalecarlia, Feb. 7, 1795. He studied in the university of Upsal, became a professor, a clergyman, and provost of North Wermland, which post he resigned in 1847 to devote himself exclusively to his historical la- bors, in the course of which he had visited many countries. His fame rests upon his Be- rdttelser ur SwensJca Historien ("Narratives of Swedish History," 34 vols., 1823-'64), part of which, relating to Gustavus Adolphus, has been translated into several languages. FCAD PASHA, a Turkish statesman, born in Constantinople about 1814, died in Nice, Feb. 11, 1869. He received an excellent education, and his father's fortune having been confiscated by Sultan Mahmoud, he. studied medicine. In 1834 he was appointed physician to the ad- miralty and accompanied the naval expedition to Tripoli. Returning to Constantinople, he entered the diplomatic service, and in 1840 became an attach^ of the Turkish embassy in London, and in 1843 second dragoman of the Porte and director of the bureau of translation. After having fulfilled special missions in Spain and Portugal, he was made first dragoman in 1845, grand referendary of the divan and com- missioner general in the Danubian principali- ties in 1848, minister of the interior in Decem- ber, 1849, and minister of foreign affairs in 1852. He strenuously opposed the Russian preten- sions which led to the Crimean war, and re- signed his office in March, 1853, in consequence of a dispute with Prince Menshikoff, the Rus- sian ambassador. In 1854 he quelled insur- rectionary movements in Epirus, afterward be- came a member and president of the newly established council (tanzimat), and acted again for several years as minister of foreign affairs. In 1860-'61 he distinguished himself as a com- missioner in Damascus and the Lebanon, and in November, 1861, became grand vizier. He resigned in 1863, and was minister of war from that period till 1866. His previous adminis- tration of financial affairs had somewhat im- paired his popularity, but his prestige in Eu- rope as a brilliant diplomatist led to his return