Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VII.djvu/531

FUEL 519 tion of one pound of the different fuels are given in the following table, the temperature of the air being 66'2 F. and its weight 0-075 Ib. : NAME OF FUEL. Peat Peat charcoal Bituminous coal, by the lead test (average 228). . Bituminous coal, Dr. Richardson Bituminous coal, average qualities from the coal formation, Regnault. Bituminous coal from the upper secondary for- mation, Regnault. Coke Anthracite, by the lead test Anthracite, Regnault Cubic feet. 70 to 149 155 to 228 170 to 279 278 to 303 320 to 832 293 to 326 194 to 250 233 to 277 312 The qualities of the American coals have been investigated by Prof. W. R. Johnson, who was commissioned by the United States govern- ment for this purpose, and whose report was addressed to the navy department in 1844 (Senate Document No. 386). The results are presented in a condensed form by Prof. John- son in the American edition of Knapp's " Chem- ical Technology," the table below being ar- ranged from the more detailed tables contained in his report. It contains 25 varieties of coals, five from each one of five different classes, suc- ceeded by a summary of the results, presenting a general scale of relative values made up from the averages of the classes. From this it appears that in evaporative power under equal weights the Cumberland class surpasses the anthracite by about 2*3 per cent., and under equal bulks by 1-4 per cent. From single experiments, however, the most water evaporated was with anthracite. The anthracites also surpass the foreign bituminous coals 20 per cent, when we compare equal weights, and 26 per cent, by equal_ bulks. In freedom from clinker the an- thracites stand preeminent ; in rapid produc- tion of steam when once in action, the Pennsyl- vania bituminous coals are somewhat superior to all others ; and for rapidly getting up steam the foreign bituminous coals are most effective. Column A gives the relative evaporative pow- er of equal weights of coal; B, comparative power of equal bulks of coal ; 0, relative free- dom from tendency to clinker ; I), rapidity of action in evaporating water; E, facility of ignition, or readiness with which steam is got up ; F, sum of the relative values in the pre- ceding columns. CLASS OF COALS. Names of samples. A. B. C. D. E. F. Cumberland, Md., free-burning bituminous ' Atkinson's and Templeman's 1,000 936 931 914 882 1,000 946 903 927 906 282 451 197 111 133 828 658 886 677 877 505 286 829 376 298 8.615 8,277 8,246 8.005 3,096 8,248 8.834 8,576 3.150 8,209 8,207 Easby's " coal in store " Easby and Smith's New York and Maryland mining f Anthracites of Pennsylvania { I Free-burning bituminous coals of Pennsylvania 932 923 940 945 915 835 936 982 955 964 844 872 235 1.000 741 198 484 555 785 722 790 901 779 792 797 726 996 766 867 706 859 207 150 142 187 153 Beaver Meadow slope 5 . Forest improvement Schuylkill . . . Peach Mountain Schuylkill Lackawanna Lehigh 911 960 908 873 863 833 928 918 911 835 860 871 595 458 176 171 172 184 168 667 595 602 250 291 8,895 8,724 8,586 8.287 8,102 2,885 | Blossburg. Cambria county I r Highly bituminous coals of Vir- ginia ' 887 841 886 787 779 724 878 722 722 692 786 61S 232 143 180 186 112 149 892 1,000 730 981 635 875 481 427 888 299 431 876 8,299 8,187 2.856 2,885 2,743 2,742 Mid-Lothian screened Tippecanoe I Foreign bituminous coals - I General scale of relative values, formed from the averages of J 798 609 792 747 733 649 709 776 738 669 6G3 625 144 191 97 276 823 107 197 895 1,000 890 242 831 844 827 928 764 857 847 884 595 588 424 581 521 2,872 8,198 8.148 2,B80 8,167 2,749 Sydney N S Scotch 746 1,000 977 951 850 801 694 1,000 986 933 757 741 844 880 893 1,000 948 948 526 682 819 914 730 1,000 8,027 Fennsj 1 ania antnr c _ . ',... TTiyfrinio KitnminftllR Foreign bituminous His operations were conducted upon a large scale, four trials being usually made in ascer- taining the evaporative power of each coal, and each trial consuming from 800 to 1,200 Ibs. The total number of trials was 144, u which 62i tons were consumed. Ine objed