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FURNESS FURNESS, William Henry, D. D., an American clergyman and author, born in Boston, Mass., April 20, 1802. He studied at the Boston Latin school, graduated at Harvard college in 1820, completed his theological course at Cam- bridge in 1823, and was ordained pastor of the first Congregational Unitarian church in Phila- delphia in January, 1825. One of his constant labors as a preacher and author has been to ascertain the historical truth and develop the spiritual ideas of the records of the life of Christ. To this end he has published " Re- marks on the Four Gospels" (Philadelphia, 1836; London, 1836 and 1851); "Jesus and his Biographers "(Philadelphia, 1838); a "His- tory of Jesus" (1850 ; new ed., Boston, 1853); " Thoughts on the Life and Character of Jesus of Nazareth" (Boston, 1859) ; " The Veil partly lifted and Jesus becoming visible" (Boston, 1864); and lastly, "Jesus" (Philadelphia, 1870). These works reveal a highly cultivated intellect, impelled by enthusiastic ardor and enriched by a glowing fancy, and present a peculiar humanitarian view of the character of Christ. "^Esthetic considerations," says a writer of his own denomination, " weigh more with him than historical proofs, and vividness of conception than demonstration." Dr. Fur- ness has published a volume of prayers, en- titled "Domestic Worship" (2d ed., Boston, 1850), and a volume of discourses (Philadelphia, 1855). He has also written hymns and other devotional pieces in verse, and has made ex- quisite translations from the German, among which are the " Mirror of Nature" from Schu- bert, the " Song of the Bell " from Schiller, a volume of " Gems of German Verse " (enlarged ed., 1859), and a volume entitled " Julius, and other Tales, from the German " (Philadelphia, 1856). He edited for three years the " Diadem," a Philadelphia annual, has contributed a few articles to the " Christian Examiner " of Bos- ton, and is the author of a large number of published occasional sermons; one of these, on the " Right of Property in Man," appeared in 1859. During the anti-slavery conflict Dr. Furness was a prominent supporter of the abolition cause. FURRUCKABAD, a city of^British India, capi- tal of a district of the same name, in the divi- sion of Agra, Northwest Provinces, 95 m. N. W. ofLucknow; pop. about 65,000. It is a walled town, and has clean wide streets, a number of which are shaded by trees. It has some good buildings, but most of the houses are mere mud hovels. The trade is considerable, the sur- rounding country being fertile and well culti- vated. On the banks of the Ganges, 3 m. W., is Futtehghur, formerly a British military sta- tion. The district has an area of 2,122 sq. m. and a population of over 1,000,000. It is an alluvial flat, except in the S. W., where it is hilly, and is very fruitful. The principal pro- ductions are cotton, wheat, barley, maize, in- digo, tobacco, sugar cane, and timber. It was annexed by the East India company in 1802. FUSE 545 FURST, Jnlins, a German orientalist of Jewish descent, born at Zerkowo, in the grand duchy of Posen, May 12, 1805, died in Leipsic, Feb. 9, 1873. He studied at Posen and Breslau, and in 1839 became lector at the university of Leipsic, and in 1864 professor. His histori- cal, critical, and lexicographical works are nu- merous and widely used ; the principal of them are : LeJirgebdude der aramdiscJien Idiome (1835) ; Concordantm Librorum Sacrorum Ve- teris Testamenti Hebraic et Chaldaica (1837- '40) ; Eebrdisches und chalddisches Schulworter- luch (1842), expanded as HebraiscJies und chal- ddisches Handworterbuch (1857-'61), and trans- lated into English by Davidson (London, 1865- '6) ; ^ GescUchte der liblischen Literatur und des judisch-hellenischen Schriftthums (2 vols., 1867-'70) ; and Der Kanon des alien Testa- ments nacJi den Uelerlieferungen in Talmud und Midrasch (1868). He also published Gul- tur- und LiteraturgescJiicJite der Juden in Asien (1849) ; Bibliotheca Judaica (3 vols., 1849-'63) ; Geschichte des Karaerthums (2 vols., 1862-'5) ; and Das peinlicJie Rechtsverfahren imjudiscJien Alterthume (1870). From 1840 to 1851 he ed- ited Der Orient. His son LIVIUS (born in Leipsic, May 27, 1840) is a physician, and au- thor of Das Mdrchen wn den sieben Rdben (1864) and Dornroschen (1865). FURTH, a town of Bavaria, in the province of Middle Franconia, at the confluence of the Red- nitz and Pegnitz rivers, 4| m. by rail N. W. of Nuremberg; pop. in 1871, 24,569. This rail- way, opened in 1835, was the first in Germany on which locomotive engines were used, and now extends from Frankfort to Munich. About 3,000 of the population are Jews, chiefly de- scendants of exiles from Nuremberg, who have a Talmud school, several minor schools and synagogues, two Hebrew printing establish- ments, and various benevolent institutions. One of the synagogues and the city hall are among the most noteworthy buildings. It is the most flourishing manufacturing town of Bavaria, with a large industry in looking- glasses, gold leaf, and articles known as Nu- remberg wares. Gustavus Adolphus occupied Furth in the summer of 1632, and in 1634 it was burned by the Croats. FUSE, Safety, a tubular cord of cotton, ren- dered slowly combustible for communicating fire to the explosive used in blasting. The cavity in the centre of the cord is filled with some slow-burning compound, and the cord is then wound with tarred twine, and covered outside with a coating of tar. It is thus pro- tected from moisture, and is made sufficiently firm and hard not to be cut by the fragments used in tamping. It burns about three feet m a minute. A method has been patented of in- troducing a combustible thread through tl centre of the cord in the powder, with the view of providing another means of commumcat the fire in case the powder is interrupted or tl cotton of the tube does not continue to b For its use, see BLASTING.