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66 FAED are his, or for what purpose they are in the factor's hands, excepting as the factor may choose to tell him. He can have no access, or certainly no easy access, to the foreign prin- cipal, for the purpose of remedy or enforce- ment ; and, on the other hand, cannot be pre- sumed to have bought or sold on the credit of a person thus unknown and inaccessible. It is but fair, therefore, that the factor should be, as to the purchaser, the principal; and it is equally fair that the factor should be in such case the only principal. These, however, are but presumptions of law. The factor and purchaser may make what agreement they please, and the law will carry it into effect. In the absence of special agreement, that is, in the case of an ordinary transaction with a foreign factor, the buyer may sue the factor, and cannot sue the principal, although the principal may recover from a buyer a price not yet paid to the factor. The rule that the party dealing with the factor looks to him only, seems to be well settled, if he knew that he was dealing with the factor of a foreign prin- cipal, and reserved no right or claim against that principal. Whether he could sue the principal, if he did not know him at the time of the transaction, but discovered him after- ward, is not so certain ; for th^re are authori- ties which limit the rule to the former cases, and in the latter give the party a concurrent remedy against the factor and the principal. It seems now settled that, for the purpose of this distinction, the states of the Union are foreign to each other. It is a general rule that a principal does not lose his property by any wrongful act of his factor, as long as he can trace and identify his goods, either in the factor's hands, or into the hands of any per- son who holds by representation of or deriva- tion from the factor, without being purchaser, pledgee, or otherwise a transferee in good faith and for value. And when a principal finds his property encumbered by an act of the factor, as a pledge, or the like, he may always recover his property by paying the amount of encum- brance. In some of the United States a fraud- ulent disposition by a factor of the property of his principal is an indictable offence, and is punished with severity. FAED, Thomas, a Scottish artist, born at Bur- ley Mill, in the stewartry of Kirkcudbright, in 1826. In 1843 he went to Edinburgh, where his elder brother, John, was painting with suc- cess, and for some years was a pupil in the school of design of that city. After executing the well known group of "Scott and his Friends at Abbotsford " and other works, he went in 1852 to London, where he has since resided. In 1855 his " Mitherless Bairn " was exhibited at the royal academy, his "Home and the Homeless" in 1856, and the "First Break in the Family" in 1857. In 1864 he was made a member of the royal academy, and several of his paintings were exhibited at the Paris universal exposition of 1867. FAHLCEANTZ FAENZA (anc. Faventid), a fortified city of central Italy, in the province and 18 m. S. W. of the city of Ravenna, on the Lamone, at its junction with the canal of Zanelli ; pop. in 1871, 36,299. It is the seat of a bishopric, and has a fine cathedral, theatre, several churches and convents which contain valuable paintings, a lunatic asylum, a city hall, several splendid private palaces, a royal lyceum with a picture gallery, a communal gymnasium, and a techni- cal school. The beauty of the city and its suburbs has gained for it the name of the Flor- ence of Romagna. Its formerly celebrated manufactures of a peculiar earthenware, called from this place faience, have declined in im- portance, and its chief industry at present con- sists in manufactures of paper, linen, and silk, and in an active commerce in the products of the territory, which are taken by canal from Faenza to the Po. A few miles from the town are ferruginous and saline springs and baths, which are much resorted to. This city was the scene of the defeat of Carbo and Nor- banus by Metellus, 82 B. 0. It was taken by the Goths in the 6th century, and by the em- peror Frederick II. in 1241. Sir John Hawk- wood, in the service of Gregory XL, captured it in 1376, and put to death, it is said, about 4,000 persons. It was successively subject to Bologna and Venice, and in 1509 was taken by Pope Julius II. F.ESULJ:. See FIESOLE. FAGNANI, Joseph, an American artist, born in Naples, Italy, Dec. 24, 1819, died in New York, May 22, 1873. He made crayon portraits be- fore completing his 13th year, left the royal academy at 18, and removed to Vienna, where he painted a portrait of the archduke Charles. In 1842 in Paris he met Maria Christina of Spain, who invited him to Madrid. There he secured the friendship of Sir Henry Bulwer, and accompanied him to Washington in 1849. In 1851 he removed to New York, and married an American lady. From 1858 till 1865 he was in Europe, and executed portraits of Garibaldi, Victor Emanuel, the empress Eugenie, Abdul Aziz, Ali Pasha, Cialdini, Rattazzi, and others. After his return to New York he painted a series of pictures called the "Nine Muses." Among his other works are portraits of Queens Christina and Isabella of Spain, the duchess of Alba, the duke d'Aumale, the countess Guic- cioli, Lord Byron from a miniature, Sir Robert Peel, Alexis de Tocqueville, John Bright, Rich- ard Cobden, Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, Gen. Taylor, and Gen. Sheridan. He received the only gold medal ever given for a portrait by the royal Bourbonic academy of Naples, and was decorated by a number of European sovereigns. FAHLCRANTZ, Karl Johan, a Swedish painter, born in Dalecarlia, Nov. 29, 1774, died Jan. 1, 1861. He was the son of a clergyman, and, al- though self-taught, his delineations of Scandi- navian scenery won for him the reputation of the best Swedish landscape painter of his day. His most finished paintings belong to the Swe-