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FAIRFAX 61 FAIRFAX, Edward, an English poet, born at Dcnton, Yorkshire, died in the parish of Fay- stone about 1633. The translation of Tasso's "Jerusalem Delivered," by which alone his name is remembered, was made in his youth, and dedicated to Queen Elizabeth, and was long enthusiastically admired. The first edi- tion was dated 1600. Its popularity has re- vived in the present century, and several edi- tions have appeared in England and the United States. The last American edition was in 1855. He also wrote a few eclogues, a prose work on demonology, and a "History of Ed- ward the Black Prince," the manuscript of which was destroyed by fire at Whitehall. FAIRFAX, Thomas, third Baron Fairfax of Cameron, in the Scottish peerage, grand-nephew of the preceding, a parliamentary general in the civil wars of Charles I., born at Denton, Yorkshire, in January, 1611, died at Bilburgh, near York, Nov. 12, 1671. He studied at St. John's college, Cambridge, served as a volun- teer in Holland, under the command of Lord Yere, whose daughter he afterward married, returned to England in 1634 or 1635, and lived in retirement till the breaking out of the war in 1642. When the king set about raising a guard for his person at York, Fairfax presented himself at the head of a multitude of 100,000, praying that he would return and hearken to his parliament. The first hostilities occurring in Yorkshire, Fairfax's father, Ferdinando, second Lord Fairfax, was made general of the parliamentary forces in the north, with himself (then Sir Thomas Fairfax) as his general of the horse. They were denounced as traitors by the earl of Newcastle, the royal commander in those parts, who in turn was proclaimed a traitor by the parliament. The Fairfaxes were defeated in several encounters, and completely routed in an attack upon the royalist forces under the earl of Newcastle at Atherton Moor. The first parliamentary success of 1644 was that of Nantwich, in Cheshire, where Sir Thomas Fairfax defeated Byron with great loss, and Monk, the future restorer of the monarchy, was taken prisoner. Fairfax then joined the Scotch army, which to the number of 20,000, under the command of Lord Leven, had crossed the Tyne, and united with the earl of Manches- ter's army, in which Cromwell was major general. At Marston Moor, near York, on July 2, Fairfax gained a temporary success ; but the victory was decided only by the steady v;ilor of the republicans under Cromwell. York was immediately forced to surrender, and Sir Thomas quickly reduced the remaining royalist fortresses north of the Trent, and after the passage of the self-denying ordinance in 1 645 received from parliament the appointment f commander-in-chief. On April 3 he de- parted for Windsor, where with the assistance of Cromwell, who was his lieutenant, he set about remodelling the army. On June 14 the hostile forces met at Naseby, where Fairfax and Cromwell pierced the royalist ranks in all directions. The personal valor of Fairfax was especially signalized in this battle. He was constantly in the thickest of the fight, and rode about bareheaded after his helmet was beaten to pieces. He now quickly recovered Leicester, Langport, Bridgewater, and Bath. Bristol soon surrendered, and the speedy re- duction of the kingdom followed, Fairfax and Cromwell having to this end divided their forces. In the politics of the dominant party Fairfax had now to play the difficult part of a sincere advocate of monarchical power. He seems to have been led on by Cromwell, and to have been the instrument of projects whose depth he could not fathom. In 1648 he anni- hilated the last remains of the royalist party at Colchester. His own influence declined as that of Cromwell and the Independents in- creased ; and though his loyal instincts re- coiled from the judicial trial of the king, he was unable to prevent it. He accepted the command of all the forces of England and Ire- land under the new government, put down the Levellers in Oxfordshire, and composed the troubles in Hampshire. When in 1650 the Scots declared for Charles II., he refused to march against them, and laid down his com- mission. When Monk entered England, Fair- fax took possession of York, Jan. 1, 1660. He gave his consent to the restoration of the mon- archy, and presented to King Charles the horse on which he rode to his coronation, after which he went into retirement. Lord Fairfax was a friend of learning, and in his youth devoted much attention to antiquarian studies. During the siege of York, when a tower containing many ancient documents was blown up, he re- warded the soldiers for bringing him as many as could be found, and employed Roger Dods- worth to copy them ; they now make a part of the Monasticon Anglicanum. When he took possession of Oxford, June 24, 1646, he set a guard over the Bodleian library, which otherwise might have been destroyed. He wrote a narrative of his career from the com- mencement of the war, not intended for the public eye, but which was published in 1699 under the title of " Short Memorials of Thomas, Lord Fairfax." See " The Fairfax Correspon- dence," edited from the family manuscripts by Kobert Bell (4 vols., London, 1849) ; and "Life of the Great Lord Fairfax," by C. E. Mark- ham (1870). FAIRFAX, Thomas, sixth Baron Fairfax of Cameron, a British nobleman, born about 1690, died at Greenway Court, near Winches- ter, Va., in 1782. He was educated at Ox- ford, enjoyed a reputation as a wit and man of letters, and contributed some papers to the "Spectator." He visited Virginia in 1739 to look after the large estates he had inherited from his mother, the daughter of Lord Cul- peper, governor of the province between 1680 and 1683. They comprised upward of 5,700,000 acres lying between the Potomac and Kappahannock rivers, on both sides of the