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little tanning material and much hand labor in working, are as a rule far superior to those made in England and America. For this reason, the two latter countries are large customers for these goods, and export in return a large proportion of the sole leather used in Europe. Paris is the headquarters of the French calf-skin business, and Milhau is the most important manufacturing centre of the trade in France. At Lyons, Nantes, and Chaumont near Beauvais, the trade is also of considerable importance. In Belgium, at and near Brussels, there is quite a large production of calf skins. Switzerland, besides numerous small tanneries, has one of the largest calf-skin tanneries in the world, at Lausaune. In Germany, calf skins, calf kids, and kips are made in large quantities at Mentz, Worms, Oppenheim, Offenbach, Dresden, near Frankfort, and near Freiburg, besides innumerable small tanneries everywhere.
LEATHES, Stanley, an English theologian, born at Ellesborough, Buckinghamshire, March 21, 1830. He was educated at Jesus college, Cambridge, ordained in 1856, and successively curate of St. Martin's, Salisbury, St. Luke's, Berwick street, London, and St. James's, Westminster. In 1863 he was called to King's college, London, as professor of Hebrew; and in 1869 he became minister of St. Philip's, London. He has published able defences of Christian orthodoxy, including “The Witness of St. John to Christ.” Several of his apologetics were originally delivered from 1868 to 1870 as Boyle lectures at Whitehall, and in 1873 as Hulsean lectures at Cambridge. In 1874 he held the appointment of Bampton lecturer at Oxford, an honor never before accorded by Oxford to a Cambridge graduate. He is a member of the Anglican revision company of the Old Testament. In the conference of the evangelical alliance in New York in 1873 he was prominent.
LEAVENWORTH, a N. E. county of Kansas, bounded N. E. by the Missouri river, which separates it from Missouri, and S. by the Kansas; area, 460 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 32,444. The surface is undulating, diversified with prairies and timber lands; the soil is fertile. The Leavenworth branch of the Kansas Pacific railroad traverses it, and it is also crossed by the Kansas Central and the Missouri Pacific railroads. The chief productions in 1870 were 31,647 bushels of wheat, 1,133,188 of Indian corn, 193,851 of oats, 295,980 of potatoes, 14,380 lbs. of wool, 254,837 of butter, and 19,796 tons of hay. There were 4,480 horses, 4,701 milch cows, 8,007 other cattle, 3,406 sheep, and 17,435 swine; 11 manufactories of carriages, 10 of clothing, 8 of furniture, 2 of iron castings, 1 of machinery, 4 of marble and stone work, 9 of saddlery and harness, 2 of soap and candles, 6 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 16 of cigars, 5 breweries, 3 flour mills, and 8 saw mills. Capital, Leavenworth.
LEAVENWORTH, a city of Kansas, the largest in the state, county seat of Leavenworth co., situated on the right bank of the Missouri river, 500 m. above its mouth, 25 m. N. W. of Kansas City, Mo., and 45 m. N. E. of Topeka; pop. in 1860, 7,429; in 1870, 17,873, of whom 4,510 were foreigners and 3,024 colored. It is situated in an amphitheatre formed by the Missouri bluffs, which rise to the height of about 300 ft., and sweep round in the form of a crescent, each horn resting on the river. It covers an area of 6 or 8 sq. m., consisting of gentle rolls or slopes, which furnish admirable building sites and afford good drainage. The city is regularly laid out, with streets extending N. and S. and E. and W., which are mostly macadamized and lighted with gas. The business blocks are chiefly of iron and brick three or four stories high, and there are numerous handsome residences and churches, the Catholic cathedral being one of the largest and finest church edifices in the west. Two miles above the city is Fort Leavenworth, the headquarters of the department of the Missouri and the base of supplies for the western posts; it was established in 1827. The government reservation, which extends 6 m. along the river and 1 m. back, affords good landings for steamboats, and contains large and well built barracks, officers' quarters, storehouses, hospital, stables, &c., and a handsome parade ground. There are no fortifications. The city has an important trade by river and railroad. The river is bordered by a paved levee and crossed by an iron railroad bridge. Six lines of railroad centre here, viz.: the Leavenworth branch of the Kansas Pacific; the Leavenworth, Lawrence, and Galveston; Kansas Central; Missouri Pacific; Chicago, Rock Island, and Pacific; and Kansas City, St. Joseph, and Council Bluffs. There are saw mills, breweries, machine shops, founderies, and other manufactories; two national banks with $200,000 capital, and two savings banks. Leavenworth is the seat of one of the state normal schools and of the state penitentiary. The public schools are graded, including a high school department, and are in a flourishing condition. In 1872 there were 3,700 pupils. Six daily (two German), one tri-weekly, and five weekly (two German) newspapers, and six monthly periodicals are published. There are 26 churches. Leavenworth was settled in 1854.
LEAVITT, Joshua, an American journalist, born in Heath, Mass., Sept. 8, 1794, died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan. 16, 1873. He graduated at Yale college in 1810, and, after teaching in Wethersfield, Conn., studied law in Northampton, Mass., was admitted to the bar in 1819, and in 1821 began to practise in Putney, Vt. In 1823 he commenced the study of theology at New Haven, and in 1825 was ordained pastor in Stratford, Conn. The same year he wrote for the “Christian Spectator” a series of articles against slavery. In 1828 he removed to New York to become secretary of the seamen's friend society. In 1831 he became editor and proprietor of the “New York Evangelist,” founded to advocate the new
